Abstract

The beam quality factor (M<sup>2</sup> parameter) of output laser in a three-core and seven-core conventional photonic lantern excited by incoherent sources is analyzed based on analytical and numerical method. Theoretical results show that the limitation of output laser beam quality is M<sup>2</sup>=1.75 for a three-core photonic lantern and M<sup>2</sup>=2.70 for a seven-core photonic lantern. Both the mode evolution process and beam quality factors of these two kinds of photonic lanterns are verified by numerical calculations. It is shown that good beam quality of the theoretical limitations can be realized only if the adiabatic conditions are satisfied very well. These results are very meaningful for practical application of high brightness incoherent beam combining based on conventional photonic lanterns.

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