Bāb Sakrah al-Maut: Doktrin “Sakratulmaut” dalam Tradisi Islam di Nusantara dan Pengaruh Penghayatan-penghayatan Spiritual Najm al-Dīn al-Kubrá

Abstract

Bāb Sakrah al-Maut (BSM) is a manuscript which so far has copies in various places, including: Aceh, Jakarta, Cirebon (West Java), and Sragen (Central Java). The manuscript is also written in various languages: Arabic, Javanese-Cirebon, and Malay. A study of this text is important to show that the sakratulmaut discourse which developed in the Islamic tradition on the Archipelago is an alternative discourse to the doctrine of "kalěpasan" which developed in the Śiwa-Buddhist and Islamic Javanese traditions. This study aims to: first, make a comparison to the study of Ahmad Wahyu Sudrajad who called this manuscript as a single manuscript, entitled Sakaratul Maut and written by Sheikh Imam Tabri bin Muhammad Khassan Besari in the middle of the XIX century. Second, making comparisons with the Serat Dewaruci and Fawā'iḥ al-Jamāl wa Fawātiḥ al-Jalāl texts. This was done to examine the characteristics of the sakratulmaut discourse in the BSM text and to test the opinion of Martin van Bruinessen who said that Syarif Hidayatullah had a connection with the Kubrawiah sufi order. Based on the philological and intertextual approaches, this study finds that: first, five BSM manuscripts have been found so far and it is strongly suspected that Syekh Imam Tabri was only a BSM manuscript copyist from existing manuscripts. Second, the comparison between the BSM text, the Serat Dewaruci and Fawā'iḥ al-Jamāl wa Fawātiḥ al-Jalāl text shows that the sakratulmaut discourse in the BSM text is dominated by the similarities with the occult views of Najm al-Dīn al-Kubrá. This led to the assumption that the BSM text was composed by figures in the circles of Syarif Hidayatullah (d. 1568 AD) and Syams al-Dīn al-Sumaṭrā'ī (d. 1630 AD).