Bayesian latent class analysis of the characteristics of diagnostic tests to assess the passive immunity transfer status in neonatal Belgian Blue beef calves

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to assess the diagnostic characteristics of radial immunodiffusion (RID), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and digital brix refractometry (Bx) for the diagnosis of failure of passive transfer (FPT) of immunity in neonatal Belgian Blue beef calves in the absence of a gold standard using a Bayesian latent class model. Belgian blue beef calves (n = 202) from a large farm in the south of Belgium were blood-sampled at 48–72 h of age and tested for FPT. The true prevalence of FPT in this population of calves was 34.5 % (95 % BCI: 26.1–44.3) using a FPT cut-off point of 10 g IgG/L. This true prevalence increased to 66.3 (95 % BCI: 56.9–74.8) and 88.9 % (95 % BCI: 83.1–93.2) at FPT cut-off points of respectively 18 and 25 g IgG/L serum. The Bland-Altman plot comparing the RID and CE methods, revealed that the serum IgG concentrations obtained by RID were on average 2.25 (95 % CI 1.62–2.88) g/L higher than those measured by CE. Optimal cut-off values for CE, corresponding to the FPT values as measured by RID of 10, 18, and 25 g IgG/L serum, were respectively 10, 15, and 20 g IgG/L. The overall diagnostic accuracy of the three diagnostic tests was comparable at the FPT cut-off point of 10 g IgG/L serum (i.e. 85 %). At higher cut-off points for FPT, the RID and CE assays presumably performed better that the Bx method. In conclusion, we demonstrated that: (1) the CE method is a good alternative for the RID assay, the latter having important constraints when considering its practicality, and (2) the Bx method is a cheap and user-friendly indirect method to evaluate the FPT in new-born Belgian Blue beef calves.