Abstract
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the contribution of energy storage systems to resource adequacy of power systems experiencing increased levels of renewables penetration. To this end, a coherent methodology for the assessment of system capacity adequacy and the calculation of energy storage capacity value is presented, utilizing the Monte Carlo technique. The main focus is on short-duration storage, mainly battery energy storage systems (BESS), whose capacity values are determined for different power and energy configurations. Alternative operating policies (OPs) are implemented, prioritizing system cost or reliability, to demonstrate the significant effect storage management may have on its contribution to system adequacy. A medium-sized island system is used as a study case, applying a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) generation scheduling model to simulate BESS and system operation under each OP, in order to determine capacity contribution and overall performance in terms of renewable energy sources (RES) penetration, system operating cost and BESS lifetime expectancy. This study reveals that BESS contribution to system adequacy can be significant (capacity credit values up to ~85%), with energy capacity proving to be the most significant parameter. Energy storage may at the same time enhance system reliability, reduce generation cost and support RES integration, provided that it is appropriately managed; a combined reliability-oriented and cost-driven management approach is shown to yield optimal results.
Highlights
ABDESLAMFuture targets for operation of power systems foresee high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) as well as gradual decarbonization of the electricity sector
Upward reserves requirements are determined by the loss of
In the presence of storage operated according to OP1, the battery energy storage systems (BESS) mainly contributes
Summary
Future targets for operation of power systems foresee high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) as well as gradual decarbonization of the electricity sector. For the power systems of non-interconnected islands (NIIs), which are characterized by increased CO2 emissions and operating costs due to their reliance on oil-fired generation, the elevation of renewables participation in their energy mix in place of existing thermal production is imperative. Increased penetration of stochastic RES, such as wind and solar generation, substituting dispatchable units, may eventually compromise resource adequacy of these systems. Energy storage introduction is a decisive factor to enable RES uptake in saturated small island grids, where absorption of renewable energy is impeded by technical and security constraints that eventually impose a ceiling to the renewable hosting capacity of such systems [1,2].
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