Abstract
In recent years, a large number of concepts for drive train electrification and a corresponding broad variety of available drive train configurations were presented to the public. They all have their pros and cons for the customer. This paper discusses a tool enabling the customer to select the drive train which is best suited to his individual purposes. The presented approach focuses on BEV and REEV and is characterized by a three-step procedure: the customer’s individual driving behaviour is measured: individualized driving cycles and operational habits including the daily kilometrage are derived; numerical models of the alternative drive train concepts are run to simulate the energy consumption by applying these individualized cycles. The study reveals that battery sizing is the most important component. It would be more efficient to use a REEV with a smaller battery instead of a BEV: at a given range of 50 km the BEV covers 50% of the kilometers (corresponding to 90% of all daily distances) while the REEV covers 100% of all daily distances, out of it 70% on electric driving. This leads to less CO<sub>2<sub/> emission compared to the combined use of BEV and conventional cars. The REEV with the smallest battery is amortized first referred to conventional cars. The influence of the individual usage pattern can be translated to operational costs. The REEV urban driver covers 85% by electric driving and has thus lower operational costs than the REEV inter-urban driver with 64% electric driving.
Highlights
The ongoing electrification of passenger car propulsion systems is accompanied by a large and still increasing number of variants for electric and hybrid drive trains
The energy saving potential of a given electric vehicle highly depends on its operational profile, – using the same xEV – different usages and even drivers can result in markedly different energy savings compared to a conventionally propelled vehicle
In case of hybrid electric vehicles, such as the Range Extended Electric Vehicle (REEV), the energy saving potential is influenced by the drive train topology
Summary
The ongoing electrification of passenger car propulsion systems is accompanied by a large and still increasing number of variants for electric and hybrid drive trains. Knowing the exact individual usage pattern of a customer, the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) – in theory – could provide him an adequate propulsion system, which matches his needs and allows for maximal energy savings, minimal emissions or minimal operational cost. He could offer him a range of options to tailor the drive train as good as possible to his needs and he could advise him to choose among battery sizes in a rational way.
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