Abstract
Recent advances in the electromobility of bus fleets improve transit service sustainability but require the development of vehicle recharging facilities. The paper defines a methodology to design an efficient transit network operated by battery electric buses in cities with grid-shaped road network, based on continuous approximations. An analytical model defines the optimal network configuration that minimizes the agency cost, the monetization of emissions and the travel time of transit users. The analytical model allows the comparison of total cost, emissions and bus performance to other fuel powertrains. The methodology is tested in Guadalajara (Mexico) to propose an alternative bus configuration, outperforming the current bus service and reducing the agency cost and environmental impact. The analytical model justifies the network rationalization in fewer routes to reduce the total cost of the system. The deployment of standard battery electric buses with opportunity charging scheme obtains the lowest total cost of the system.
Highlights
Sustainability 2021, 13, 4745. https://This paper aims to design an optimal bus network configuration operated by full electric powertrain, estimating the total number of electric buses, charging resources and the total cost incurred by transit agency and users
A sensitivity analysis is performed with regard to the unit cost parameters in order to estimate under which domains of distance cost, resource depreciation cost, emission monetization and charging infrastructure, the batteryelectric buses are more cost-efficient than conventional diesel buses
This paper presents a robust methodology to design efficient bus networks operated by battery electric buses or combustion engine buses
Summary
This paper aims to design an optimal bus network configuration operated by full electric powertrain, estimating the total number of electric buses, charging resources and the total cost incurred by transit agency and users. The paper checks the potential benefits and cost savings of the optimized bus network design obtained by diesel powertrains with the current bus network configuration in Guadalajara, Mexico. A crucial issue is to provide an efficient network with an outstanding performance at a limited operating cost. The transit network design problem is aimed at minimizing the total cost incurred by users and transit agencies. This problem has received the attention of many researchers, proposing discrete or continuousbased optimization models
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