Abstract
Grid-tied energy storage will play a key role in the reduction of carbon emissions. Systems based on Li-ion batteries could be good candidates for the task, especially those using lithium titanate negative electrodes. In this work, we will present the study of seven years of usage of a lithium titanate-based battery energy storage system on an isolated island grid. We will show that, even after seven years, the modules’ capacity loss is below 10% and that overall the battery is still performing within specifications. From our results, we established a forecast based on the internal degradation mechanisms of the hottest and coldest modules to show that the battery full lifetime on the grid should easily exceed 15 years. We also identified some inaccuracies in the online capacity estimation methodology which complicates the monitoring of the system.
Highlights
Battery energy storage systems (BESS) play a key role in tomorrow’s grids as crucial building blocks towards higher integration of intermittent renewable energy generation [1,2,3,4,5]
Consiglio et al [20] reported on the site acceptance test of a 0.5 MW system, Koller et al [21] reported on the impact of different applications on a 1 MW system, Bila et al [22] showcased initial performance of a grid connected household BESS
Its performance is still within specifications and the only maintenance performed was the replacement of two modules that appeared to suffer from the disconnection of one of the seven cells in parallel
Summary
Battery energy storage systems (BESS) play a key role in tomorrow’s grids as crucial building blocks towards higher integration of intermittent renewable energy generation [1,2,3,4,5]. Some studies were more focused on field usage analysis This includes our 3-year study of a grid deployed 1 MW BESS [23], a one year study for a 5 MW system by Münderlein et al [24], the validation of smoothing algorithms [25], and some sweat testing under different applications [26]. Podias et al, White et al, Elliot et al as well as Zhang et al investigated grid usage of recycled EV or bus batteries [36,37,38,39]
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