Abstract
Abstract: Generally, natural environments have been transformed into small forest remnants, with the consequent habitat loss and species extinction. The North Paraná State is not an exception, since only 2 to 4% of the original ecosystem occurs in small fragments of Stational Semidecidual Forest. We studied the species richness and abundance of bats in two forest fragments from the Fazenda Congonhas, in Rancho Alegre city, Parana State, Brazil. Four samplings were undertaken in a legally protected native area (107.8 ha) and in a reforested area (11.8 ha) between April 2007 and March 2008. Samplings began at nightfall and lasted six hours,during two consecutive nights in each location. The individuals were captured using eight mist nets, with the same capture effort in both environments. A total of 397 individuals, 14 species and 10 genera were captured in the native area; while in the reforested area, 105 individuals, six species and four genera. Artibeus lituratus was the most common species in both fragments (n = 328, 65.3%), followed by Artibeus fimbriatus (n = 44, 8.8%) and Artibeus jamaicensis (n = 30, 6.0%). Other species including Platyrrhinus lineatus, Carollia perspicillata, Sturnira lilium, Chrotopterus aurintus, Desmodus rotundus, Michronycteris megalotis, Phyllostomus hastatus, Phyllostomus discolor, Myoti levis, Myotis nigricans and Lasiurus blossevillii, accounted for 19.9% of the captures. The native area presented higher values of species richness (S = 14) and diversity (H' = 1.4802) in comparison to the reforested area (S = 6, H '= 0.57015). The t-test evidenced a significant difference between diversity among the sites (t = 7.1075). Chao 1 index indicated that the sampling effort recorded approximately 78% from the total species richness for the native area and 75% for the reforested area. Therefore, the preservation of the forest fragment is essential since it provides habitat for a diverse community of bats. Forest management and reforestation actions may prevent drastic changes in the microclimate of neighboring areas within the forest fragment, and could allow the occupation of available niches in the area, by opportunistic and generalist species.
Highlights
Several forests have been reduced to small remnants isolated from the others (Pires et al 2006)
Study area: The study was undertaken in Fazenda Congonhas, Rancho Alegre County, Paraná State, Southern Brazil (23o02’19’’ S-50o56’04’’ W), located at 336-340 meters above sea level
All 14 species were captured in the native area and only 6 in the reforested one
Summary
Several forests have been reduced to small remnants isolated from the others (Pires et al 2006). The micro-environment of the forest edge is different from that found in the interior of the fragment, in function of the increase in the temperature, penetration of sun radiation, decrease in humidity and direct exposure to winds (Murcia 1995). These effects can modify the diversity and abundance of the fauna, which occurs more quickly in small fragments than in larger ones (Cosson et al 1999). Size of forest remnants and quality of the area are important for the distribution and abundance of bats (Reis et al 2000)
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