Abstract
We reconsider baryon stopping in relativistic heavy-ion collisions in a nonequilibrium-statistical framework. The approach combines earlier formulations based on quantum chromodynamics with a relativistic diffusion model through a suitably derived fluctuation-dissipation relation, thus allowing for a fully time-dependent theory that is consistent with QCD. We use an existing framework for relativistic stochastic processes in spacetime that are Markovian in phase space, and adapt it to derive a Fokker-Planck equation in rapidity space, which is solved numerically. The time evolution of the net-proton distribution function in rapidity space agrees with stopping data from the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron and the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.
Highlights
In relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), or the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the incoming baryons are being slowed down (“stopped”) as they interpenetrate each other, while in the spatial region between the receding, highly Lorentz-contracted fragments [1] a hot fireball is formed, which cools during its expansion and eventually hadronizes in a parton-hadron crossover
Various models to account for the stopping process and its energy dependence have been developed, for example, in Refs. [2,3,4] and related works, which are relying on the appropriate parton distribution functions and on quantum chromodynamics (QCD)
We aim to derive a nonequilibriumstatistical diffusion model for baryon stopping in rapidity space that is based on the key premises of the phenomenological relativistic diffusion model (RDM), but is constructed from a consistent approach with relativistic Markov processes in phase space and incorporates the QCD-based theory through a suitably adapted fluctuation-dissipation relation
Summary
In relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), or the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the incoming baryons are being slowed down (“stopped”) as they interpenetrate each other, while in the spatial region between the receding, highly Lorentz-contracted fragments [1] a hot fireball is formed, which cools during its expansion and eventually hadronizes in a parton-hadron crossover. [2,3,4] and related works, which are relying on the appropriate parton distribution functions and on quantum chromodynamics (QCD) These models yield agreement with the available stopping data at SPS and RHIC, such as the distributions of net protons (protons minus produced antiprotons) in longitudinal rapidity space, and provide predictions at LHC energies, where stopping data at forward rapidities are not yet available. They do not, provide the time development from the initial distribution at the instant of the collision to the final, measured one
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