Abstract
The energy efficiency gap is known as the difference between optimal level of energy efficiency and the actual level of achieved energy efficiency. Energy management has proven to further close the energy efficiency gap. Energy management may differ depending on whether it concerns a large, energy-intensive company or small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs are of high interest since they form a large share of the economy today. For SMEs, a lighter form of energy management, in the form of energy efficiency network participation, has proven to deliver sound energy efficiency impact, while for larger, energy-intensive firms, a certified energy management system may be more suitable. However, various barriers inhibit adoption of energy efficiency measures. While there is an array of research on barriers to and driving forces for energy efficiency in general, research on barriers to, and driving forces for, energy management is rare, one exception being a study of energy-intensive pulp and paper mills. This holds even more so for industrial SMEs. This paper aims to identify the barriers to, and drivers for, energy management in manufacturing SMEs. Results of this explorative study show that the top four barriers to energy management are lack of time/other priorities, non-energy-related working tasks are prioritized higher, slim organization, and lack of internal expert competences, i.e., mainly organizational barriers. The top four drivers for energy management are to reduce production waste, participation in energy efficiency networks, cost reduction from lower energy use, and commitment from top management. Furthermore, results show that energy management among the studied SMEs seems to not be as mature, even though the companies participated in an energy management capacity building program in the form of energy efficiency networks, which, in turn, shows a still largely untapped potential in the societal aim to reduce the energy efficiency and management gaps. The main contribution of this paper is a first novel attempt to explore barriers to, and drivers for, energy management among SMEs.
Highlights
There has been increased attention towards improving the efficiency of production since the industrial revolution that led to using natural resources intensively [1]
None of the constituents show a high level of maturity, which indicates that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have improvements to make in all areas of energy management
The top four most important barriers to energy management are lack of time/other priorities, non-energy related working tasks are prioritized higher, slim organization, and lack of internal expert competences, which are all, but one, categorized as organizational barriers, and the last one is knowledge-related. This shows that the organizational barriers are of high importance to SMEs, as are knowledge-related barriers
Summary
There has been increased attention towards improving the efficiency of production since the industrial revolution that led to using natural resources intensively [1]. Energy is among the inputs for production that have to be improved by energy management [2]. The industrial sector consumes around one-third of global energy use [3]. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) represent 99% of enterprises and use more than 13% of total global energy demand [4]. In Sweden, industrial energy use was about. Non-energy intensive SMEs are defined as “companies whose energy costs do not exceed 2% of their turnover,” as investigated by previous studies in this field [7]. In order to promote energy efficiency within these SMEs, it is important to understand their problems that, academically, are described as barriers to energy efficiency
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