Balancing Activity and Selectivity in Two‐electron Oxygen Reduction through First Coordination Shell Engineering in Cobalt Single Atom Catalysts

Abstract

The electrochemical two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e‐ ORR) offers a potentially cost‐effective and eco‐friendly route for the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, the competing 4e‐ ORR that converts oxygen to water limits the selectivity towards hydrogen peroxide. Accordingly, achieving highly selective H2O2 production under low voltage conditions remains challenging. Herein, guided by first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we show that modulation the first coordination sphere in Co single atom catalysts (Co‐N‐C catalysts with Co‐NxO4‐x sites), specifically the replacement of Co‐N bonds with Co‐O bonds, can weaken the *OOH adsorption strength to boost the selectivity towards H2O2 (albeit with a slight decrease in ORR activity). Further, by synthesizing a series of N‐doped carbon‐supported catalysts with Co‐NxO4‐x active sites, we were able to validate the DFT findings and explore the trade‐off between catalytic activity and selectivity for 2e‐ ORR. A catalyst with trans‐Co‐N2O2 sites exhibited excellent catalytic activity and H2O2 selectivity, affording a H2O2 production rate of 12.86 [[EQUATION]]and an half‐cell energy‐efficiency of 0.07 [[EQUATION]] during a 100‐h H2O2 production test in a flow‐cell.