Balance Acupuncture: An Experimental Study on the Effectiveness of Treating Radicular Pain in a Lumbar Disc Herniation Rat Model

Abstract

Background Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common clinical disease accounting for lumbocrural pain in the majority of the patients. The incidence of LDH has risen quickly in the past years. The theory of balance acupuncture is a new method firstly established by Dr. Wang Wenyuan and further developed according to a large amount of clinical studies which have come to emphasize its immediate therapeutic effects. Swiftness of effect as well as an easy point selection and handling are among the advantages of this technique. Objectives By applying balance acupuncture in a clinical setting, we have obtained data reporting a significant effect on LDH. However, the mechanisms are still unknown. The clinical symptoms of radicular pain are mainly induced by pathological changes due to mechanical compression and the chemical inflammation process. With this theoretical background, we used a rat lumbar disc herniation model with radiculopathy which resembled the pathological situation of radicular pain in LDH of humans. We observed the beneficial effect of balance acupuncture on LDH with radiculopathy and tried to decipher its working mechanism for clinical treatments. Methods Male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats were randomly and evenly assigned to a blank group, a sham-operation group, a model group and a treatment group, respectively. In the model group, radiculopathy of LDH was simulated by cerclaging the L5 nerve root, followed by a detection of the change of claw-latency after thermally stimulated withdrawal. Moreover, the histological changes were judged by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, whereby the physiological marker IL-1β was detected, showing stimulation by the balance acupoints “lumbago” and “hip pain”. Results (1) Radiculopathy caused by LDH-nerve compression can cause hyperalgesia of the lower limbs, reduction of the pain tolerance threshold, edema of the nerve root tissue, disappearance of the axon, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. (2) Radiculopathy caused by LDH can cause an increase of IL-1β. There was a positive correlation between IL-1β and the inflammatory response of the nerve root as well as the amount of pain. (3) Balance acupuncture can diminish fiber edema of the nerve root and demyelination, reduce the responses of the inflammation and stress, and promote healing of the injured nerve root. Conclusion Balance acupuncture can regulate the responses to the hyperalgesia in radiculopathy caused by LDH. It can influence the expression level of some cytokines, and eventually repair the disordered functions of the nerve root to some extent, all of which might be regulated through neuroendocrinal–immune system related cascades and pathways. Therefore, balance acupuncture is a novel method for treatment of disease like LDH with radicular pain, which is worthy to be tested extensively in clinical surroundings.