Abstract
Se investigó la variación isoenzimática del arbusto raro Sophora koreensis en el condado de Yanggu (Corea del Sur), en el extremo sur de su área de distribución. Para obtener información sobre los procesos ecológicos a nivel del paisaje, se estudiaron dos o tres poblaciones para cada una de las cuatro localidades (en total, 10 poblaciones) en un radio de unos 6 km. Se encontraron bajos niveles de variación genética intra-poblacional (%P = 13,6, A = 1,14 y He = 0,026) y un grado moderado de diferenciación genética entre poblaciones (FST = 0,203). El análisis de la varianza molecular (AMOVA) reveló un porcentaje sustancialmente mayor de variación entre poblaciones dentro cada una de las localidades (17%) que entre localidades (5%). No hubo una relación significativa entre la divergencia genética y el logaritmo de la distancia geográfica entre pares de poblaciones (r = 0,032, P = 0,842). Estos resultados sugieren un flujo genético limitado entre poblaciones dentro de las localidades, además de indicar que la mejor estrategia para la preservación de la diversidad genética de S. koreensis es la conservación del máximo número de poblaciones posible.
Highlights
Sophora koreensis Nakai (Fabaceae), endemic to the Korean Peninsula, is a deciduous broad-leaved small shrub narrowly distributed on lower mountain hillsides
Populations of S. koreensis exhibited low levels of genetic variation (%P = 13.6, A = 1.14, He = 0.026). These estimates were clearly lower than the reference values for both endemic species and narrowly-distributed ones (%P = 26.3, A = 1.39, He = 0.063, N = 100; %P = 30.6, A = 1.45, He = 0.105, N = 115; Hamrick & Godt, 1989)
The population-level estimates, are similar to those found in its congener S. fernandeziana (Phil.) Skottsb. (%P = 19 and He = 0.022; Crawford et al, 2001)
Summary
Sophora koreensis Nakai (Fabaceae), endemic to the Korean Peninsula, is a deciduous broad-leaved small shrub (less than 1 m tall) narrowly distributed on lower mountain hillsides (altitude ca. 150–650 m above sea level). The species reproduces both sexually and vegetatively via rhizomes. Until recently it was included in its own genus, Echinosophora Nakai (Lee, 1996; Lee et al, 2004). Owing to the species’ limited distribution and endemic nature, S. koreensis has been assessed by several authors and authorities in ROK following the criteria of the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List Categories (IUCN, 2001). Sophora koreensis had been included in ROK’s official listing of special protection of endangered wild plants (the 2nd grade) until 2012 (MOE, 2012), when it was delisted without providing any scientific justification (Kim et al, 2016). For further information on ecology and conservation status, we suggest referring Kim et al (2016)
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