Abstract
We report on the fabrication of optical ridge waveguide in barium fluoride (BaF2) crystal by 15 MeV C5+ ions irradiation with femtosecond laser ablation. The near-field modal profile and propagation loss of the waveguide at mid-infrared wavelength 4 µm are investigated by using end-face coupling system. We implement a series of annealing treatment and it efficiently reduces the propagation loss of the waveguide. The confocal Raman spectra demonstrate that the lattice structure of BaF2 crystal does not change largely after C5+ ion irradiation.
Highlights
Mid-infrared (MIR) is usually defined as the electromagnetic wave with wavelength of 2.5–25 μm, which can be used for detection of molecular content and molecular type identification and to achieve molecular imaging, so it has a wide range of applications in the fields of military, environmental monitoring, medical treatment, and basic research
BaF2 crystal has the characteristics of good moisture resistance, high operating temperature, and wide light transmittance range that can reach more than 90% in the wavelength range of 0.2–10 μm [1, 2]
Two-dimensional ridge waveguides have been constructed by technique of ion irradiation combined with diamond blade dicing or femtosecond laser ablation [18,19,20]
Summary
Mid-infrared (MIR) is usually defined as the electromagnetic wave with wavelength of 2.5–25 μm, which can be used for detection of molecular content and molecular type identification and to achieve molecular imaging, so it has a wide range of applications in the fields of military, environmental monitoring, medical treatment, and basic research. BaF2 crystal has the characteristics of good moisture resistance, high operating temperature, and wide light transmittance range that can reach more than 90% in the wavelength range of 0.2–10 μm [1, 2]. BaF2 crystal is an ideal material for making various optical windows, prisms, lenses, and other optical components. It can be used for infrared power distribution cabinet windows, Fourier gas analysis windows, oil and gas detection, high power laser, optical instruments, etc. The commonly used waveguide preparation methods include ion implantation/irradiation, ion exchange, and laser direct writing [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. Two-dimensional ridge waveguides have been constructed by technique of ion irradiation combined with diamond blade dicing or femtosecond laser ablation [18,19,20]
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