Badania jakościowe i ilościowe wyciągów z Inonotus obliquus

Abstract

Introduction. Inonotus obliquus (Ach. Ex Pers.) Pilát is a fungus found in North America, Finland, Poland, Russia, China, Japan and Korea on the bark of trees, most often Betula pendula, B. pubescens, B. carpatica and Fagus sylvatica. Mushroom extracts show a number of biological activities, due to the presence of: polysaccharides, phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids), triterpenes, ergosterol and its peroxide. Aim. Determination of the content of the sum of polyphenolic compounds, including the sum of phenolic acids, flavonoids and flavonols in water, methanol and methanol-water extracts, determination of antioxidant activity and qualitative determination of the composition of the chloroform extract from the fruiting body of Inonotus obliquus, collected from a natural site. Material and methods. The raw material for research was collected in the Noteć Forest in the Sieraków Landscape Park. The fruiting body was dried and then ground into a fine powder. Using spectroscopic methods, the sum of polyphenols with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, the sum of phenolic acids using the Arnov method, the sum of flavonols with aluminum chloride, the sum of flavonoids according to the method described in FP X, antioxidant activity with the DPPH radical and the composition of the chloroform extract using GC-MS were determined. Results. The methanol extract was characterized by the highest content of the sum of phenolic acids per coffee acid (0.127%), and the lowest content of water-methanol extract (0.047%). The highest content of the sum of polyphenols in terms of caffeic acid was determined in the aqueous extract (1.85%), and the lowest in the methanol extract (1.01%). The methanol extract was characterized by the highest content of the sum of phenolic acids expressed as coffee acid (0.127%), and the lowest content of water-methanol extract (0.047%). The content of total flavonoids and total flavonols was determined only in methanol extracts, because the precipitation made it impossible to perform the determinations in the remaining extracts. The lowest IC50 value was determined for the water-methanol extract. GC-MS analysis allowed to identify, among others: isovanillin, santalene, α-selinene, syringaldehyde, linoleic acid, thymol, α-bergamotene and lanosterol. Conclusions. The highest content of the sum of polyphenols was determined in the water extract of Inonotus obliquus, the sum of phenolic acids in the methanol extract; the water-methanol extract was characterized by the strongest antioxidant properties. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of numerous compounds with confirmed biological activity.