Abstract
Infecting agents (e.g., bacteria, fungi, virus and parasite) have comprised high levels of multidrug resistance (MDR) with increased morbidity and mortality; so the main aim of this study was to investigate and demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of deer musk on multidrug-resistance bacteria and to proof that musk had a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against MDR bacteria. Deer musk evaluated 11 multi-drug resistance (MDR) species were selected, namely, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumanni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterococcus faecalis the MDR strain were tested by means of disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by the time-kill method recommendation by CLSI. In addition, the antimicrobial susceptibility of 8 commonly used antimicrobials was examined on the same MDR bacterial strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration MIC and MBC values were <2% (v/v) against all MDR strains except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but the deer musk has bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at >2% (v/v), in addition changes was observed in the morphological form of the bacterial colonies in of most of MDR bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella baumanni and indicating that the musk had an effect on bacterial cellular membranes. The findings of this study indicated that deer musk has a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on the growth of all tested MDR bacteria.
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