Bacteriology Quality of Refill Drinking Water in Some Part of Makassar City

Water is one of the most important components in human life. Water used by Refill drinking water depots mostly comes from groundwater, contaminated ground water will result in refill drinking water depots water quality not being eligible. The large demand of people in Kecamatan Tampan using refill drinking water has caused the proliferation of Refill drinking water depots located in sub district Tampan Pekanbaru city. This research was conducted of December 2016 - February 2017. The research was conducted in December 2016 - February 2017, the materials used were raw water (ground water) and drinking water refill the production of Drinking Water Refill Depot. Tools namely 12 sterile bottles and stationery, and sheet checklist. The research method used is survey method, population of 160 Depot of Drinking Water Refill, total sample 114 Depot of Drinking Water Refill. Result of research indicate that sanitation hygiene condition is 60,5% not fulfill requirement, material feasibility 58,8% not fulfill requirement and quality of refill drinking water come from ground water as much 56,1% not fulfill requirement. There is a relationship between hygiene sanitation refill drinking water depots with the quality of drinking water refill originated from groundwater in the work area sub district Tampan Pekanbaru city with p value = 0,026. There is a relationship between the feasibility of raw materials of drinking water refill from ground water with refill drinking water quality comes from ground water in the work area sub district Tampan Pekanbaru with p value = 0.008. The most influential variable on the quality of drinking water refill in sub district Tampan is hygiene refill drinking water depots hygiene with p value 0,01 and a 96% chance of refill drinking quality not eligible. As a conclusion the quality of drinking water refill in Kecamatan Tampan Pekanbaru City influenced by sanitation hygiene.

ABSTRACK Background: Water represents an absolute medium to human life and other living things. However, water can also be the best media of diseases to spread. Therefore, before consumed, water has to be processed drinking to eliminate or degrade impure materials up to the safest level. As water becomes more problematic these days, it attracts the attention of drinking water refill depots to. Furthermore, dringking water that produce is not yet legalized and standardized in terms of its process. This research to know determine factors related to bacteriological quality of drinking water product drinking water refill in Semarang City. Methods :This research was an Explanatory Research. Using observation with a cross sectional approach. Samples are determined with standard error of 10% from 49 depots divided proportionally towards the spreading of depots throughout Semarang city. The variables used are a parameter of the bacteriologic number of coliform, E_Coli germs. Data analysis using Test correlation of kontingensi chi-square to know relation between variable. Results: The result of this research shows the relation to the variables using Chi-square test, it is shown that the condition of standard water and the condition of Bacteria of refill drinking water are C = 0,494, p = 0,0001, consequently Ho rejects it. Correlation test of instrument condition and the bacteriologic quality of refill drinking water showed that when C = 0,178, p = 0,447, Ho accepts it. While correlation test of processing of drinking water and the bacteriologic quality of refill drinking water showed that when C = 0,346, p = 0,035, Ho rejects it. Correlation test of hygienic officer of depot and the bacteriologic quality of refill drinking water shows that when C = 0,263, p = 0,162, so Ho accepts it. And correlation test of DAMIU sanitation and the bacteriologic quality of refill drinking water showed that C = 0,512, p = 0,0001, so Ho rejects it. Conclusions : All depots have not yet met the requirements of producing standard water as requested by Department of Health. The hygienic behavior of workers is still poor. The bacteriologic quality of refill drinking water based on the result of lab. test indicates that 34 samples ( 69,4%) have fulfilled the requirements of standard drinking water but the rest have not yet reached the minimum standard of drinking water. This matter is caused by the standard water which is used, the procedure of processing and the environmental condition of depot. Keyword; drinking water, refill depots, bacteriology quality

The fulfilment of the quality of healthy drinking water needs to get great attention because it concerns the lives of many people. if this problem does not get serious attention, it will certainly lead to health. On the other hand, the AMIU depot continued to increase. Permits must be tightened, as well as sanitation personal hygiene monitors need to get routine supervision. This study aims to determine the contamination of coliform bacteria, and evaluation of personal hygiene programs in slums and elite areas in refill drinking water depots in Makassar City. This type of research is analytical descriptive with the Quasy Experiment Design method, with the Pre-Post Test One Group. Sample checking using the MPN (Most Probable Number) method. The research location is in Mariso Subdistrict and Panakkukang Subdistrict. The research sample was 10 AMIU depots. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, which was based on criteria. The results showed that the highest coliform bacteria in Mariso district were 1500 / 100ml while the highest in Panakukang was 2400 / 100ml. Assessment of personal hygiene behavior in the Mariso Kec Knowledge (p = 0.03), attitude (p = 0.001) and action (p = 0.001) have a significant difference p> 0.05. Whereas in the district of Panakkukang I.e. knowledge (p = 0.00), and the action (p = 0.000) had a significant difference p> 0.05. It is expected that the depot owners should improve the quality of hygiene sanitation of the depot owners to require the depot officers to use gloves when refilling drinking water.

Background:
 Based on the preliminary test using laboratory tests from three refill drinking water samples in Jemur Wonosari Village, all three were positive for Coliform. Therefore, researchers are interested in researching Analysis of the Microbiological Quality of Refilled Drinking Water at the Refill Drinking Water Depot in Jemur Wonosari Village.
 Objectives:
 Knowing the microbiological quality of refill drinking water produced at the refill drinking water depot in Jemur Wonosari Village.
 Research Methods: 
 This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional quantitative approach using primary and secondary data sources. The population in this study were all 13 refill drinking water depots. The research takes the total population. Refillable drinking water samples were tested at the Gayung Sari Regional Health Service Laboratory. Data analysis used descriptive analysis by comparing the results of laboratory tests with Permenkes 492 of 2010.
 Results: 
 The results showed that 13 samples found that 13 samples were positive for Coliform, and 13 samples were negative for Escherichia coli. According to Permenkes No. 429 of 2010, the maximum limit per 100 ml of sample is 0. So the 13 samples of refill drinking water based on microbiological parameters, namely Escherichia coli in refilled drinking water, meet the standard while the Coliform does not meet the standard.
 Conclusion: 
 All refill drinking water depots in Keluraham Jemur Wonosari produce refilled drinking water whose quality does not meet the government's microbiological standards. There is a need for increased supervision and guidance at refill drinking water depots.

Refill drinking water is an alternative to fulfill drinking water needs in Lembursitu District, Sukabumi City. People choose to consume refilled drinking water because the price is low and easy to get. There are 17 Refill Drinking Water Depots in Lembursitu Sub-District, Sukabumi City, and study areas at four depots based on various raw water sources and daily water production. The objective of this study was to assess the application of sanitary hygiene at drinking water depots based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 43 of 2014 about Hygiene and sanitary of Drinking Water Depots including the Quality of Water Production. This research is descriptive research. Methods of data collection through field observations, interviews, and analysis of the quality of water production. Based on laboratory results, all physical and chemical parameters meet the quality standard requirements. The bacteriological analysis of the water production revealed that E. coli and Coliform bacteria were present in two of the four samples, with values ranging from 0-1 to 0-3 per 100 ml sample. The requirements for drinking water quality outlined in the Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 492 of 2010 are not met under these circumstances. Depots 1 and 5 have satisfied the requirements after evaluating the implementation of hygiene and sanitation from a variety of perspectives and determining physical feasibility, according to the observation format in the Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 43 of 2014. The scores ranged from 79 to 83.

Sanitation and hygiene regulations in handling drinking water must be adhered to during the processing, packaging and serving of processed drinking water at refill drinking water depots (DAMIU). Protected water must be free from microbiological, chemical, and physical contaminants. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of Escherichia coli bacteria in refill drinking water at drinking water depots in the Ciamis Regency Region, as well as to determine the sanitary hygiene of drinking water depots which includes aspects of place sanitation, equipment sanitation, handler hygiene, raw water, and drinking water. This study combines Descriptive Observational with Cross Sectional design. Site sanitation, equipment sanitation, handler hygiene, raw water and drinking water quality, and the presence of Escherichia coli are some of the variables in this study. The results of this study from 29 refill drinking water depots, there are some that do not meet sanitary hygiene standards, such as being near pollutant sources such as workshops and roadsides;, some still have problems with lighting and ventilation, some of them do not have hand washing stations, handlers do not wash their hands before refilling gallons of water or afterwards, handlers do not follow sanitary hygiene practices such as smoking, handlers do not have sanitary hygiene training certificates, and they do not have routine health checks at least twice a year. The conclusion of this study is that out of 29 drinking water depots, there are 6 that comply with the sanitary hygiene requirements of drinking water depots and in the quality of drinking water there are 6 depots that do not comply with drinking water quality requirements (Escherichia coli is present).

Refill Drinking Water Depots (DAMIU) are businesses that provide ready-to-drink drinking water through raw water processing using simple and modern technology. The existence of DAMIU is very important in meeting the community's need for drinking water, but aspects of sanitation hygiene and water quality must remain a primary concern to avoid health risks. This study aims to describe the sanitation hygiene conditions and assess the microbiological quality of refill drinking water at DAMIU in the Indralaya Community Health Center working area in 2025. The study used a descriptive method with a laboratory approach to 27 refill drinking water depots. Data were collected through observations of location conditions, buildings, equipment, and handler hygiene, and laboratory examinations were conducted on raw water and processed water samples. The results showed that the majority of depots (92%) had met the requirements related to location and buildings, while all depots (100%) met the standards for processing equipment. However, drinking water handlers still did not comply with applicable hygiene standards (100%). Only 70% of depots had suitable raw water sources, with 55% using the Sukomoro source, 41% using drilled wells, and 4% using the Dewa Air Prabumulih source. Laboratory tests found that two depots (8%) had raw water that tested positive for Escherichia coli, but all treated water samples met established microbiological standards. Overall, this study concluded that the location, building, and equipment of the Drinking Water Supply Unit (DAMIU) in the Indralaya Community Health Center (Puskesmas) area were satisfactory, but handler hygiene remained a weakness that needed immediate improvement. Furthermore, the physical and chemical quality of the water still required attention, although the microbiological quality met standards.

Based on preliminary survey results, from 24 refill drinking water depots in the working area of Kuta Alam Health Center in Banda Aceh City that have been examined using the relatively simple H2S method by the Kuta Alam Health Center in 2020 in the May period there was no E. coli found. But in the next period the researchers continued the examination of refill drinking water using a different method, the Most Probable Number (MPN). Changes in weather related to rainfall that have an impact on the flow and concentration of ground water are also some of the factors that allow contamination of raw water used by DAMIU in the work area of the Kuta Alam Health Center in Banda Aceh City. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of drinking water in DAM in the work area of the Kuta Alam Health Center in Banda Aceh. The population in this study were all refill drinking water depots in the working area of Kuta Alam Puskesmas in the city of Banda Aceh, totaling 22 DAMIU. The sample in this study was 50% of the total refill drinking water depots in the work area of the Kuta Alam Health Center in Banda Aceh city of 11 DAMIU. Refillable drinking water that contains positive Escherichia coli from 11 samples studied there are 4 samples that are equal to 36%, and negative ones containing Escherichia coli are as many as 7 samples that are equal to 64%.Keyword: Raw water source, facility maintenance, Eschericia coli in drinking water

Water is one of the absolute needs required by all living things, especially humans. The quality of refill water into drinking water in bulk from and sell directly to consumers. The quality of refill water that can be consumed is that has gone through a processing process startingfrom raw water which is pumped using a jet pump while being injected into the reactor tank, then pumped into a filter tube, to the disinfection process using ultraviolet. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of refill drinking water in Tarus Vilage based on microbiological and chemical variable. The type of research used is descriptive methods. The population in this study were 5 depots. The data obtained will be analyzed according to the 2010 minister of health regulation on drinking water quality. The results of laboratory examinations of Escherichia coli parameters showed that the raw water quality was good in depots 2, 3, 4 and 5, while depot 1 had passed the threshold of 2 mg/L, which means it did not meet the requirements. Good quality drinking water is depot 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Based on the chloride and nitrite parameters, the results obtained are good quality raw water and drinking water are depot 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Required periodic checks by Public Health Center staff on water quality at 5 refill drinking water depots so that each depot has the latest license.

Refill drinking water is the treatment of raw water with several stages of the process until it becomes drinking water. The raw water that is usually used in the production process for refill drinking water is sourced from ground water. The water treatment process in principle must be able to remove all types of pollutants, both physical, chemical and microbiological. This research is a qualitative analytic study with a descriptive mode approach that aims to obtain information about the analysis of drinking water quality and sanitation hygiene at refill drinking water depots in the Minas Jaya sub-district, Siak district. January – July 2022. Informants from this study were 9 people divided into 1 environmental health worker at the Puskesmas as key informants, 4 owners of refill water depots as main informants, 4 consumers of water depots in the Minas Jaya village area. The research variables consisted of place, equipment, handlers, inspection of water parameters. The selection of research subjects used purposive (non-propability). The validity of qualitative data using triangulation. Data were analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study concluded that the cleanliness of the place did not meet the health requirements, the equipment had met the health requirements, but the depot worshipers at 4 refill drinking water depots did not meet the health requirements. As well as inspection of water parameters at 4 refill drinking water depots located in Minas Jaya Village, Siak Regency, they have met the health requirements according to the RI Ministry of Health Number 43 of 2014. It was concluded that they had met the eligibility requirements for sanitation hygiene, because in the 4 depots studied, only 3 depots met the requirements and scored above 70%. It is recommended to the drinking water depot to improve the cleanliness of the handlers in wearing work clothes, routinely in carrying out health checks

In recent years, refillable drinking water businesses have grown rapidly in several cities in Indonesia, including Ambon City. On the one hand, Refillable Drinking Water Depots (DAMIU) support efforts to realize a healthy society by expanding the reach of clean water consumption, On the other hand, DAMIU tend to be problematic when faced with business interests. Feces contain coliform bacteria which is an indicator of water contamination. This study aims to determine the presence of coliform bacteria in Ambon City. The samples used in the study came from three sub-districts of refill drinking water depot sources, namely the Teluk Dalam sub-district, Nusaniwe sub-district, and Baguala sub-district. Microbiological testing of refill drinking water using MPN (most probable number) method. The MPN test results showed that three refill drinking water samples were not contaminated with coliform bacteria because there was no turbidity or gas formation in the Durham tube for gas-forming bacteria. This indicates that the three refill drinking water samples tested microbiologically have good quality and are safe for consumption, because in 100 ml of water no coliform bacteria were found in accordance with Permenkes No. 492/Menkes/Per/IX/2010 regulations on the requirements and supervision of water quality, which states that the microbiological requirements for drinking water are MPN Coliform /100 ml sample = 0. There are no coliform bacteria in the refillable drinking water depot in Ambon City so the water is suitable for consumption

Water is a chemical compound that is very important for the life of human beings and other living things. Refill water is water that undergoes special treatment, among others, the process of chlorination, aeration, filtration and irradiation with ultraviolet light. The objectives of this study were to determine the quality of refill drinking water produced by refill drinking water depots in South Manokwari Regency based on physical, chemical and microbiological variables. The descriptive method was used in this study. Samples of refill drinking water were collected from 6 depots located in South Manokwari Regency. Water samples are taken to the laboratory for chemical, physical and microbiological quality analyzes. Good quality refill drinking water at the kiosk is drinking water produced by depots B and F, while drinking water produced from depot E was quite good.. The refill drinking water treatment process was carried out using the reverse osmosis method, a combination of the reverse osmosis and ultraviolet methods. The quality of refill drinking water in depots B, D, and F meets the quality standard requirements based on Permenkes 2010. E. coli population contained in refill water in depots A, C and F after storage in gallons for 3 days was above the quality standard requirements so it must be boiled before being consumed by humans.

The quality of drinking water supply must be guaranteed. The WHO (World Health Organization) determines water quality by means of E. Coli bacteria. Based on the Minister of Health Regulation No. 492 / MENKES / PER / IV / 2010 The maximum permissible content of E. Coli in drinking water is 0 per 100 ml. The presence of E. coli in water is an indicator of human and animal fecal pollution that can cause diarrhea and even death. Selection of Refillable Drinking Water (AMIU) as an alternative to fulfill drinking water needs is a risk that can endanger health if the quality of AMIU is added if consumers do not pay attention to safety and hygiene. This study aims to see the content of E. coli in Refill Drinking Water (AMIU) in Samatiga District, West Aceh Regency. This research is experimental with cross sectional design using quantitative laboratory examination with the Most Probable Number (MPN) method. The population in this study were all refill drinking water depots that did not have a drinking certificate in Samatiga District, West Aceh Regency. The research sample used a total sampling method of 7 refill drinking water depots. The results of the analysis showed that from all samples as many as 6 samples (85.71%) tested positive for Escherichia coli bacteria and 1 sample (14.29%) tested negative for Escherichia coli bacteria. Based on the calculation of the number of colonies with the MPN / 100 ml table then comparing with the requirements of the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 492 / Menkes / Per / IV / 2010 concerning drinking water quality requirements that the 6 samples tested positive were not suitable for consumption.

Background: Community needs to be protected from risk waterborne disease due to drinking water drinking from drinking water depots does not meet quality standards and sanitary hygiene requirements. Drinking water depots can be at risk of becoming a medium of transmission of various diseases if they do not meet health requirements. One indicator of the biological parameter of drinking water needs is the presence of Escherichia coli which must be found 0 (zero) per 100 ml of water in refill drinking water depots. The purpose of this study was to describe the quality of refill drinking water and the difference in factors between the depot that detected E.coli in its products and the depot that did not detect E.coli. Methods: This research was conducted at a refill drinking water depot in Pasar Minggu, Jakarta with a qualitative method through observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies. The study was conducted in July 2022. Results: The results showed that 35% of depots in Pasar Minggu were contaminated with E.coli and depots with E.coli 0 (zero) were more adaptable to requirements related to raw water sources, gallon management, filtration and disinfection. DAMIU owners and workers have never attended DAMIU hygiene and sanitation training and received certification. All DAMIUs do not have a hygiene certificate from the DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office.

Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between sanitation hygiene and Coliform bacteria contamination in refilled drinking water in Waled District in 2023. Methods: This study uses an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach where the researcher will simultaneously observe or measure the independent and dependent variables (period). The sampling technique is total sampling with a sample of 30 refilled drinking water depots with 30 workers—data collection through observation and interviews. Data analysis was used, namely data analysis using Fisher's exact test. Results: Based on laboratory tests, it was found that more than half of the refilled drinking water depots were contaminated with coliform bacteria as much as 60%. After analysis, it was found that factors related to Coliform bacteria contamination in filled drinking water were access to sanitation facilities (p = 0.001), and worker behavior (p = 0.001), while factors that were not related were drinking water treatment facilities (p = 0.063), raw water (p = 1.000) and consumer service hygiene (p = 0.418). Conclusion: Of the five sanitation hygiene factors, those that have a significant relationship with coliform bacteria contaminants are sanitation facilities and behavior, while drinking water treatment facilities, raw water, and consumer service hygiene are factors that are not significant in determining bacterial contamination.