Abstract
BackgroundThe leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania, which are transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. In the New World, Lutzomyia longipalpis is the most important vector of visceral leishmaniasis and is a proven vector for Leishmania infantum chagasi in Brazil. During development within the vector, Leishmania can interact with a variety of microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. The presence of bacteria in the midgut of sand flies can influence the development and survival of the parasite.ResultsThe bacteria-targeted metagenomic analysis revealed different community compositions between the distinct physiological stages of those tested. The amplicon-oriented metagenomic profiling revealed 64 bacterial genera and 46 families. By crossing the taxa indices from each experimental condition a core composed of 6 genera was identified (Enterobacter, Serratia, Stenotrophomonas, Enhydrobacter, Pseudomonas and Chryseobacterium).ConclusionsThe observed dynamic nature of the bacterial community expands the knowledge pertaining to the tripartite host-microbiota-pathogen interactions. Further studies addressing how laboratory and field collected communities differ are critical to successfully develop control strategies based on bacterial symbionts and paratransgenesis, as already tested in other arthropod vectors.
Highlights
The leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania, which are transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies
Composition of the bacterial community associated with wild-caught Lu. longipalpis The bacteria-targeted metagenomic analysis revealed different community compositions between the distinct physiological stages of those tested
When considering the predicted genus level Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) (g-OTUs) for each of the experimental conditions, the UF group harbored the highest number of OTUs with 57 genera and 14 exclusive (Zymobacter, Aquabacterium, Empedobacter, Myroide, Petrimonas, Sphingobacterium, Niabella, “Candidatus Cloacimonas”, Sporolactobacillus, Lactobacillus, Streptomyces, Lentzea, “Candidatus Lumbricincola” and Edwardsiella); followed by the GR group with 46 genera and 3 exclusive (Acidovorax, Plesiomonas and Sphaerotilus), Infected blood-fed (BFI) with 22 genera, 3 exclusive (Rickettsiella, Mucispirillum and “Candidatus Cardinium”), and the Uninfected blood-fed (BF) group with 6 genera and none exclusive
Summary
The leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania, which are transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. In the New World, Lutzomyia longipalpis is the most important vector of visceral leishmaniasis and is a proven vector for Leishmania infantum chagasi in Brazil. Leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania Ross, 1903 [1], which are transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. In the New World, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) is the most important vector of VL and is a proven vector for Leishmania infantum chagasi in Brazil [3]. The presence of bacteria in the midgut of sand flies can influence the development of the parasite by competing for nutrients and adhesion site in the gut of the vector, and by reducting the intestinal pH [6]. Studies have shown that microbiota from the sand fly’s midgut have an effect on Leishmania
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