Abstract
Grapevines are affected by three major bacterial diseases worldwide, such as bacterial blight (Xylophilus ampelinus), Pierce’s disease (Xylella fastidiosa) and crown gall (Agrobacterium vitis). These bacteria grow in the vascular system of their host, thus they invade and colonize the whole plant, independently on symptom development. Latently infected propagating material is a major factor in their spreading. Therefore the use of bacteria-free planting stock has a basic importance in viticulture. Today several innovative diagnostic methods, mostly based on polymerase chain reaction, are available to detect and identify bacterial pathogens of grapevines. For production of bacteria-free plants, the use hot water treatment followed by establishment of in vitro shoot tip cultures is proposed.
Highlights
Grapevine sap contains certain, yet undetermined signal compound(s), which induce(s) a differential gene expression in X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa resulting in biofilm formation (Shi et al 2010, Zaini et al 2009)
Bacterial pathogens associated with grapevine diseases occur in the vascular system and intercellular spaces of their host plant and they can be cultivated on laboratory media
Three major bacterial diseases are known in several grapevine-growing countries worldwide. These are bacterial blight (X. ampelinus), Pierce’s disease (X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa) and crown gall (A. vitis). These bacteria live in close association with their grapevine host and with their insect vector
Summary
Summary: Grapevines are affected by three major bacterial diseases worldwide, such as bacterial blight (Xylophilus ampelinus), Pierce’s disease (Xylella fastidiosa) and crown gall (Agrobacterium vitis). These bacteria grow in the vascular system of their host, they invade and colonize the whole plant, independently on symptom development. Infected propagating material is a major factor in their spreading. The use of bacteria-free planting stock has a basic importance in viticulture. Today several innovative diagnostic methods, mostly based on polymerase chain reaction, are available to detect and identify bacterial pathogens of grapevines. For production of bacteria-free plants, the use hot water treatment followed by establishment of in vitro shoot tip cultures is proposed
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