Bacterial community dynamics and metabolic functions prediction in white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) during storage

Abstract

White button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is rich in nutritional value, but it is easily infected by microorganisms during storage, which leads to spoilage and shortens the storage time. In this paper, A. bisporus at different storage times was sequenced by Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform. QIIME2 and PICRUSt2 were used to analyze the changes of bacterial community diversity and predict metabolic functions during storage of A. bisporus. Then, the pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified from the spoilt samples of A. bisporus with black spot. The results showed that the bacterial species richness of A. bisporus surface gradually decreased. 2,291 ASVs were finally obtained through DADA2 denoising, belonging to 27 phyla, 60 classes, 154 orders, 255 families and 484 genera. The abundance of Pseudomonas on the surface of fresh A. bisporus sample was 22.8%, which increased to 68.7% after 6 days of storage. The abundance significantly increased and became a dominant spoilage bacterium. In addition, A total of 46 secondary metabolic pathways belonging to 6 categories of primary biological metabolic pathways were predicted during storage of A. bisporus, and metabolism (71.8%) was the main functional pathway. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the dominant bacterium Pseudomonas was positively correlated with 13 functional pathways (level 3). A total of 5 strains were isolated and purified from diseased A. bisporus surface. The test of pathogenicity showed that Pseudomonas tolaasii caused serious spoilage of A. bisporus. The study provided a theoretical basis for the development of antibacterial materials to reduce related diseases and prolong the storage time of A. bisporus.