Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is recognized as a multifaceted, versatile biomaterial with abundant applications. Groups of microorganisms such as bacteria are accountable for BC synthesis through static or agitated fermentation processes in the presence of competent media. In comparison to static cultivation, agitated cultivation provides the maximum yield of the BC. A pure cellulose BC can positively interact with hydrophilic or hydrophobic biopolymers while being used in the biomedical domain. From the last two decades, the reinforcement of biopolymer-based biocomposites and its applicability with BC have increased in the research field. The harmony of hydrophobic biopolymers can be reduced due to the high moisture content of BC in comparison to hydrophilic biopolymers. Mechanical properties are the important parameters not only in producing green composite but also in dealing with tissue engineering, medical implants, and biofilm. The wide requisition of BC in medical as well as industrial fields has warranted the scaling up of the production of BC with added economy. This review provides a detailed overview of the production and properties of BC and several parameters affecting the production of BC and its biocomposites, elucidating their antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy with an insight to highlight their therapeutic potential.
Highlights
Cellulose is a prime biopolymer due to its extensive productive importance
Microbial cellulose is considered as a source of pure cellulose, which is usually synthesized by the bacteria
The agitation rate needs to be optimized for the production of Bacterial cellulose (BC) on a large scale as it varies for different microbes along with the culture medium
Summary
Cellulose is a prime biopolymer due to its extensive productive importance. It is linear homopolysaccharide, composed of β-D-glucopyranose units that remain linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Due to its high biocompatibility and biodegradability and other unique intrinsic properties, it is easier to functionalize BC to introduce antibacterial functional groups. This natural hydrogel is found to have promising applications in wound healing, as dry wounds need added moisture to ensure tissue regeneration. A review report is required to emphasize the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the bacterial cellulose and its composites. The present overview discusses the bacterial production and unique features of bacterial cellulose with a special reference to its antimicrobial applications
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