Bacteria in supragingival plaque samples can be killed by low-power laser light in the presence of a photosensitizer.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine whether bacteria in supragingival plaque samples could be killed by low-power laser light in the presence of a suitable photosensitizer. Plaque samples were obtained from 10 volunteers, treated with either toluidine blue O (TBO) or aluminum disulphonated phthalocyanine (AlPcS2), and then exposed to light from a helium/neon (HeNe) or gallium aluminium arsenide (GaAs) laser respectively. Following irradiation, substantial reductions were achieved in the total anaerobic count as well as in the number of viable streptococci and actinomyces present in the samples. In the absence of laser light, the sensitizers themselves had little effect on the viability of the bacteria in the plaque samples. The HeNe/TBO combination appeared to be more effective than the GaAs/AlPcS2 combination, achieving log10 reductions of 2.95, 5.40 and 3.34 in the total anaerobic count, streptococci and actinomyces respectively with a light energy dose of 1.31 J. If effective in vivo, lethal photosensitization may be useful as a means of eliminating plaque bacteria from a carious lesion prior to its restoration.