Bacteria able to control foot and root rot and to promote growth of cucumber in salinated soils

Abstract

The aim of the present work was to test known bacterial plant growth-promoting strains for their ability to promote cucumber plant growth in salinated soil and to improve cucumber fruit yield by protecting these plants against soil-borne pathogens. Fifty-two plant-beneficial bacterial strains were evaluated for their ability to protect plants against cucumber foot and root rot after bacterization of the seeds and infestation of salinated soil with the isolated Fusarium solani pathogen. Based on the results of initial screenings, five efficient strains were selected, namely Serratia plymuthica RR-2-5-10, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila e-p10, Pseudomonas fluorescens SPB2145, Pseudomonas extremorientalis TSAU20, and P. fluorescens PCL1751. All five strains are salt tolerant since they grow well in a medium to which 3% NaCl was added. Infestation of the soil with F. solani resulted in an increase of the percentage of diseased plants from 17 to 54. Priming of seedlings with the five selected bacterial strains reduced this proportion to as low as 10%. In addition, in the absence of an added pathogen, all five strains showed a significant stimulatory effect on cucumber plant growth, increasing the dry weight of whole cucumber plants up to 62% in comparison to the non-bacterized control. The strains also increased cucumber fruit yield in greenhouse varying from 9% to 32%. We conclude that seed priming with the selected microbes is a very promising approach for improving horticulture in salinated soils. Moreover, allochthonous strains isolated from non-salinated soil, from a moderate or even cold climate, and from other plants than cucumber, functioned as well as autochthonous strains as cucumber-beneficial bacteria in salinated Uzbek soils. These results show that these plant-beneficial strains are robust and they strongly suggest they can also be used successfully in case the climate gets warmer and the soils will become more salinated. Finally, the mechanisms by which they may exert their plant-beneficial action are discussed.