Abstract
The return by the deep-ocean bottom of the sound of an explosive charge consists of an initial burst followed by a long tail representing back-scattered sound at decreasing grazing angles with the bottom. Through analysis of shot records at a number of deep-water locations in the North Atlantic, the back-scattering coefficient of the bottom has been obtained as a function of grazing angle between 30° and 90°. The results indicate that the deep-sea bed behaves as a diffuse or Lambert-law back scatterer at grazing angles from 30° to about 65°; between 65° and 90° (normal incidence), the coefficient rapidly increases, as though specular reflection from normally oriented flat facets of the bottom were occurring. This behavior with angle is similar to that of the sea surface. Analyses in several frequency bands in the range 0.5 to 8.0 kc suggest that the back-scattering coefficient decreases with frequency at a rate of about 2 db per octave.
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