Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a group of strains or isolates of naturally occurring soil bacteria which mainly exerts toxicity through the production of Crystal (Cry) toxins. Cry toxins are used worldwide as aerial sprays or in transgenic plants to control disease-vector insect and crop pest populations. Different strains of Bt have specific toxicity to particular insect taxa depending on the type and number of Cry toxins. Due to its insect selectivity and mode of action, Bt is non-infective and non-toxic to vertebrates, including humans, and it has very little or no effect on non-target aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates. Though resistance to single Cry toxins is frequent, the mix of synergistic toxins in Bt subspecies that produce several Cry toxins delays the apparition and evolution of resistance.
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