Abstract
Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is a worldwide distributed virus that has a very wide host range and causes significant crop losses of many economically important crops, including potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). In this study, the antiviral activity of Bacillus licheniformis strain POT1 against AMV on potato plants was evaluated. The dual foliar application of culture filtrate (CF), 24 h before and after AMV-inoculation, was the most effective treatment that showed 86.79% reduction of the viral accumulation level and improvement of different growth parameters. Moreover, HPLC analysis showed that a 20 polyphenolic compound was accumulated with a total amount of 7,218.86 and 1606.49 mg/kg in POT1-treated and non-treated plants, respectively. Additionally, the transcriptional analysis of thirteen genes controlling the phenylpropanoid, chlorogenic acid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways revealed that most of the studied genes were induced after POT1 treatments. The stronger expression level of F3H, the key enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis in plants, (588.133-fold) and AN2, anthocyanin 2 transcription factor, (97.005-fold) suggested that the accumulation flavonoid, especially anthocyanin, might play significant roles in plant defense against viral infection. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione is the major compound in CF ethyl acetate extract, that is suggesting it acts as elicitor molecules for induction of systemic acquired resistance in potato plants. To our knowledge, this is the first study of biological control of AMV mediated by PGPR in potato plants.
Highlights
Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is a worldwide distributed virus that has a very wide host range and causes significant crop losses of many economically important crops, including potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
The present study evaluated the efficacy of Bacillus licheniformis strain POT1 to induce systemic resistance in potato against AMV infection and its effects on plant growth development and transcriptional levels of phenylpropanoid, chlorogenic acid and flavonoids biosynthetic pathways genes
Based on the bacterial phenotypic characteristics and nucleotide sequencing analysis of the amplified 16S rRNA gene, the selected bacterial isolate was identified as Bacillus licheniformis strain POT1, and the annotated sequence was submitted to GenBank database under the accession number MT077309
Summary
Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is a worldwide distributed virus that has a very wide host range and causes significant crop losses of many economically important crops, including potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione is the major compound in CF ethyl acetate extract, that is suggesting it acts as elicitor molecules for induction of systemic acquired resistance in potato plants To our knowledge, this is the first study of biological control of AMV mediated by PGPR in potato plants. Potatoes suffer from many viral diseases infections Among such viruses causing great economic losses and considered the major limiting factors for potato production is alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV; genus Alfamovirus, family Bromoviridae)[2]. The present study evaluated the efficacy of Bacillus licheniformis strain POT1 to induce systemic resistance in potato against AMV infection and its effects on plant growth development and transcriptional levels of phenylpropanoid, chlorogenic acid and flavonoids biosynthetic pathways genes. Identification of the metabolites in potato plant extract and the bioactive constituents of POT1 crude filtrate were performed using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis
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