Abstract
Simple SummaryDiarrhea is often the main cause of neonatal deaths on dairy goat farms. Poor management leads to infection with pathogenic bacteria and viruses causing enteritis, the main cause of diarrhea. Efficient drugs should be developed to prevent and treat kids with diarrhea. In the current study, the role of GBacillus-9 in the prevention and treatment of Saanen kids suffering diarrhea was assessed. Our data showed that GBacillus-9 restored the intestinal microbial disorder that resulted from diarrhea and suggested that GBacillus-9 could be used as a product to improve the gut health of kids.Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-9 (GBacillus-9), derived from the intestinal tract of the white-spotted bamboo shark, secretes a variety of antimicrobial compounds that inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, the role of GBacillus-9 in the prevention and treatment of Saanen kids with diarrhea was assessed. Six healthy kids (HL) and six kids with diarrhea (DL) were selected. All kids were fed with 0.3% (w/v) GBacillus-9 (spray power) in raw milk for two weeks. The proportion of kids with diarrhea decreased gradually as the trial progressed, and 100% DL kids were cured at day 15. GBacillus-9 increased the serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-6 concentration (p < 0.05). The amplicon sequencing analysis of the fecal bacterial community revealed that the fecal microbiota was remarkably different between the HL and the DL groups at day 0. After two weeks of feeding with GBacillus-9, no significant difference in fecal microbiota was observed between HL and DL groups at the phylum level. GBacillus-9 restored the intestinal microbial disorder associated with serum immunoglobulin and interleukin concentration. Correlation analysis showed that GBacillus-9 altered globulin and interleukin concentration and that immunoglobulin was associated with Firmicutes. Collectively, our results revealed that GBacillus-9 improved the gut health of kids by improving microbial homeostasis.
Highlights
IntroductionDiarrhea is often the main cause of neonatal deaths on dairy goat farms
A limitation of the current study is the lack of an analysis of the possible diarrhea-bytreatment interactions, evidence has shown the interaction of host immune and diarrhea in humans and animals [23,24,25]
Probiotics are suggested as antibiotic alternatives for the cure of human and animal diarrhea [29,30]
Summary
Diarrhea is often the main cause of neonatal deaths on dairy goat farms. Poor management leads to infection with pathogenic bacteria and viruses causing enteritis, the main cause of diarrhea [1]. Diarrhea causes poor feed efficiency and reduces the animal’s resistance to other pathogens such as pneumonia [2]. Since kids are fed milk by bottle, scrupulous sanitation is required to prevent introduction of pathogens into the milk and kid, causing enteritis and diarrhea. Diarrhea can be caused by rotavirus, coronavirus, E. coli, Yersinia spp., Giardia, Campylobacter jejuni, and many other organisms, making prevention by the use of drugs difficult [3,4]
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