Abstract
Simple SummaryThis article presents the use of ultrasonography (basic and advanced techniques) in dogs suffering from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) for the assessment of the effects of two different medications: osaterone acetate (YpozaneTM), a registered drug for BPH in dogs, and deslorelin acetate (SuprelorinTM), registered for pharmacological castration in dogs. Based on the obtained results it can be stated that both B-mode and color Doppler Ultrasound imaging techniques are suitable for diagnosis and progress assessment of dogs suffering from BPH. Both investigated medications (osaterone acetate and deslorelin acetate) led to a significant sonographic improvement. Deslorelin acetate reduced prostate volume more slowly, but its effect lasted longer than for osaterone acetate.This article presents B-mode and color Doppler imaging of the prostate and testes in dogs suffering from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), and receiving deslorelin acetate (SuprelorinTM) or osaterone acetate (YpozaneTM). The study was planned as a controlled clinical trial, dogs were divided into negative control (healthy dogs, n = 10), positive control (dogs with BPH, n = 10), and study groups, III (n = 15), receiving deslorelin acetate (DA), and IV (n = 10), receiving osaterone acetate (OA). The B-mode appearance of the prostate parenchyma improved in all investigated dogs from the DA group, and in 60% of OA dogs. Prostate volume was reduced more quickly with OA (from D14), but lasting for a shorter time (on average up to week 20), compared to DA that reduced the prostate volume more slowly (>8 weeks), but the reduction remained longer (>24 weeks). The systolic peak velocity (SPV) and mean velocity (Vmean) were higher in all dogs diagnosed with BPH, compared to Control Group I. The indices did not change in both Control Groups I and II, whereas in study Groups III and IV they decreased throughout the study period compared to day 0 and Control Group II. In Group III the highest reduction was noted from day 21 to week 8, whereas in Group IV the lowest Vmean was recorded before day 21. Testicular parenchyma and volume changed significantly in Group III receiving DA, and the velocity of blood flow in the testicular artery correlated positively with testicular volume only in this group (III). The present study proved the usefulness of B-mode and color Doppler US imaging techniques for diagnosis and progress assessment of dogs suffering from BPH. The blood flow kinetics (mainly SPV) demonstrated a time association between the blood flow changes registered in the prostatic artery, and the subsequent volumetric and sonographic improvement of the prostate parenchyma. The reduction in flow indices was noted prior to the reduction in prostate volume, suggesting that the sonographic recovery of the prostate tissue, occurs secondarily to the regression of the prostate vascular system. Both investigated medications (osaterone acetate and deslorelin acetate) led to a significant sonographic improvement. Deslorelin acetate reduced prostate volume more slowly, but its effect lasted longer than for osaterone acetate.
Highlights
Imaging is a very accurate tool for the identification of disease in patients suspected of reproductive tract disorders
The prostate gland in dogs from Group In this group (II) appeared as uniformly enlarged, and heterogenous with mostly coarse parenchymal texture, scattered hyperechoic foci, focal, less than 1 cm diameter, hypoechoic lesions (90%), or focal calcifications (10%) (Figure 1C–E)
In all the investigated dogs the prostate gland was still symmetrical, with margins well differentiated from the surrounding tissues, and the inguinal lymph nodes were of normal size and presentation
Summary
Imaging is a very accurate tool for the identification of disease in patients suspected of reproductive tract disorders. Ultrasonography of the testes allows for the detection of palpable and non-palpable changes, or differentiating testicular from epididymal and scrotal diseases [1]. Doppler ultrasonography has been utilized for providing useful data on blood flow patterns and velocity in relation to prostate gland status, or the association between testicular flow patterns and semen quality [3,4]. In human medicine color Doppler ultrasound is used to assess blood flow in prostatic and testicular arteries, helping in diagnosing prostate and testicular pathologies, and in predicting the level of spermatogenesis [5]. The blood flow of the prostatic artery was imagined using color Doppler (CD) and pulse wave. Doppler (PW) sonography, and the blood flow patterns were recorded by pulse wave Doppler (PW). Three good quality measurements were analyzed for mean values of systolic peak velocity—SPV, mean velocity—Vmean, and resistive index—RI
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