B - 96 Assessing the Factor Structure of Social Connectedness and its Psychopathological Correlates.

The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is an instrument that assesses subjective well-being in relation to life that was originally proposed in the English language. To analyze the psychometric properties do the SWLS for use with Para athletes. A convenience sample of 309 Brazilian Paralympic athletes (age: 33.08 ± 9.85 years) of both sexes was chosen. We conducted an online survey, and participants completed an anamnesis and SWLS questionnaires using the Qualtrics® software. To analyze confirmatory, the comparison fit index (CFI), the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) and the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) were used. Reliability was estimated by the ordinal alpha and omega coefficients. A multigroup analysis estimates a factor invariance. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported a single factor structure for the SWLS, with an acceptable fit. Cronbach’s α (0.88) and McDonald’s Omega (0.88) were indicative of internal consistency. Factorial invariance across gender, impairment, sports, and competition level was confirmed. The Brazilian version of the SWLS for Para athletes showed satisfactory psychometric properties and can be used to measure life satisfaction in the Paralympic context. The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is an instrument that assesses subjective well-being in relation to life that was originally proposed in the English language. To analyze the psychometric properties do the SWLS for use with Para athletes. A convenience sample of 309 Brazilian Paralympic athletes (age: 33.08 ± 9.85 years) of both sexes was chosen. We conducted an online survey, and participants completed an anamnesis and SWLS questionnaires using the Qualtrics® software. To analyze confirmatory, the comparison fit index (CFI), the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) and the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) were used. Reliability was estimated by the ordinal alpha and omega coefficients. A multigroup analysis estimates a factor invariance. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported a single factor structure for the SWLS, with an acceptable fit. Cronbach’s α (0.88) and McDonald’s Omega (0.88) were indicative of internal consistency. Factorial invariance across gender, impairment, sports, and competition level was confirmed. The Brazilian version of the SWLS for Para athletes showed satisfactory psychometric properties and can be used to measure life satisfaction in the Paralympic context. O objetivo principal do presente estudo foi avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) para paratletas brasileiros, bem como sua estrutura fatorial, confiabilidade e invariância. 309 paratletas (idade: 33,08 ± 9,85 anos), recrutados por conveniência, de ambos os sexos, foram avaliados, de forma online, por meio de um questionário sociodemográfico e da versão SWLS de Gouveia et al. (2009). Foi utilizada a análise fatorial confirmatória para avaliar a estrutura unidimensional da escala usando o método de extração Robust Diagonally Weighted Least Squares (RDWLS). O modelo unidimensional SWLS apresentou um bom ajuste dos dados (χ2 = 1.906 / df = 5; p = 0.86; CFI = 1.000; SRMR = 0.019; RMSEA = 0.000 [90% IC : 0.000 – 0.042] e consistência interna adequada Ômega do McDonald's (0,88) e boa confiabilidade composta (0,88) . Além disso, a invariância fatorial entre gênero, deficiência, esportes e nível de competição foi confirmada. A versão brasileira da SWLS em atletas paralímpicos apresentou propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias e pode ser utilizada para mensurar a satisfação com a vida no contexto paralímpico.

The Arabic Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and its three-item version: Factor structure and measurement invariance among university students.

Social Disconnection in Late Life Mental Illness – Commentary From the National Institute of Mental Health

Satisfaction With Life Scale: analysis of factorial invariance, mean structures and reliability

The objectives of this study are to explore the reliability and factor structure of Satisfaction with Life Scales (SWLS) in measuring satisfaction with life at retirement among army veterans. SWLS is a unidimensional factor comprising five items to measure life satisfaction based on a respondent’s subjective evaluation of his own satisfaction of life that he experiences in general. The SWLS has been extensively used across many countries employing different types of samples. However, little is known on the items of SWLS for a sample of army veterans in Malaysia. In this study, the sample consists of pensionable other-ranks (Ors) army veterans (n=101) who had attended resettlement training prior to their retirement. Questionnaires were administered via mailed survey at the pilot test stage. A stratified random sampling was employed in the sample selection. The result on exploratory factor analysis indicated that only four out of five items conformed to the scale. The Satisfaction with Life Scale showed good internal consistency with an alpha value of 0.858 for its reliability. The reliability and items of SWLS scales discovered in the study indicate that SWLS is a promising reliable scale for data collection from army veterans.

To develop an Arabic version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), two Arab bilinguals achieved consensus in their translation of the five items. Eight hundred sixty four (864) students (age 18 to 31) completed the SWLS, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Satisfaction With Life Scale (LSI, Neugarten, 1961) and Symptom Checklist-90-R. Internal consistency (alpha = .79) and test-retest reliability (r = .83) were adequate. Used as estimates of concurrent validity, correlations of the SWLS with the BDI, SCL-90-R, and LSI were calculated and were consistently statistically significant. Findings indicate that the Arabic version of SWLS is suitable for use in research at least with university student samples.

BackgroundThe Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) has been widely used and has proven to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing satisfaction with life in diverse population groups, however, research on satisfaction with life and validation of different measuring instruments in Mexican adults is still lacking. The objective was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) in a representative sample of Mexican adults.MethodsThis is a methodological study to evaluate a satisfaction with life scale in a sample of 13,220 Mexican adults 50 years of age or older from the 2012 Mexican Health and Aging Study. The scale’s reliability (internal consistency) was analysed using Cronbach’s alpha and inter-item correlations. An exploratory factor analysis was also performed. Known-groups validity was evaluated comparing good-health and bad-health participants. Comorbidity, perceived financial situation, self-reported general health, depression symptoms, and social support were included to evaluate the validity between these measures and the total score of the scale using Spearman’s correlations.ResultsThe analysis of the scale’s reliability showed good internal consistency (α = 0.74). The exploratory factor analysis confirmed the existence of a unique factor structure that explained 54% of the variance. SWLS was related to depression, perceived health, financial situation, and social support, and these relations were all statistically significant (P < .01). There was significant difference in life satisfaction between the good- and bad-health groups.ConclusionsResults show good internal consistency and construct validity of the SWLS. These results are comparable with results from previous studies. Meeting the study’s objective to validate the scale, the results show that the Spanish version of the SWLS is a reliable and valid measure of satisfaction with life in the Mexican context.

Objective To examine the reliability and validity of the meaning in life questionnaire (MLQ) in Chinese sergeants. Methods Convenience sampling was applied to collect data from 574 sergeants. Part of the data randomly selected (n=278) was conducted exploratory factor analysis and the other (n=296) was used in confirmatory factor analysis. The satisfaction with life scale(SWLS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)were administered to test the criterion-related validity. Results (1) Exploratory factor analysis vertified a 2-factor model which consisted of presence of meaning (MLQ-P) and search for meaning (MLQ-S), and their cumulative contribution rate was 61.02%.The range of factor loading was between 0.62 and 0.85.Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the hypothesized 2-factor model (χ2=32.82, GFI=0.97, AGFI=0.94, NFI=0.96, CFI=0.98, RMSEA=0.06). (2) The internal consistencies were good for the overall scale (Cronbach's alpha=0.79) and the subscales (Cronbach's alpha=0.80 and 0.78, respectively). (3)MLQ-P score was positively correlated with SWLS (r=0.21, P<0.01), while negatively correlated with SDS and SAS(r=-0.50, -0.43). MLQ-S had positive correlation with MLQ-P(r=0.31, P<0.01). (4)Scores of MLQ-P and MLQ-S in sergeants were higher than college students(t=38.13, P<0.001, t=25.07, P<0.001). Conclusion The Chinese version of MLQ is reliable and valid for application to Chinese sergeants. Key words: Meaning in life; Reliability; Validity; Sergeants

Objective This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the participation of people living in the nursing homes to social activities and their life satisfaction, social isolation and loneliness. Methods The study was performed between January 2017 and April 2018 in three nursing homes using the cross-sectional research design. The study population consisted of 310 elderly people in total, 118 women, 192 men, who were over 65 years of age and had no mental and communication problems. Ninety percent of the population was reached. The data were collected by using a questionnaire, Standardized Mini Mental Test, Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Social Isolation Scale (SIS) and Loneliness Scale for Elderly People (LSEP). Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were used in data analysis. Results The mean age of the elderly subjects was 74.10 ± 7.57 years, and 61.9% were male and 38.1% were female. Elderly subjects’ SWLS and LSEP scores were below the median, and their SIS score was above the median value. Elderly people without disabilities, who can meet their own needs, do not feel alone, stay in the healthcare facility of their own accord, are satisfied with the services healthcare facility and with life, do sports, go to cinema and theater in their free time and go out more often had high SWLS median values and low SIS and LSEP values (p &amp;lt; 0,05). Examining scale correlations, a moderate and negative correlation between SWLS and SIS (r= -,59; p=,000) a highly significant and negative correlation between SWLS and LSEP (r= -,70; p=,000) and a positive, statistically moderately significant correlation between SIS and LSEP (r=, 65; p=, 00) were found. Conclusions Life satisfaction increases and social isolation and loneliness decreases when elderly people living in nursing homes participate in social activities. Key messages Loneliness of elderly individuals can be reduced by increasing participation in social activities. Social isolation of elderly individuals can be reduced by increasing participation in social activities.

Organizations today require employees who are well at managing emotional intelligence and using their emotions in a constructive process. The present study considered the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) for the study. WLEIS has four factors: self-emotional appraisal (SEA), other's emotional appraisal (OEA), regulation of emotion (ROE), and use of emotions (UOE). These scales help to manage emotions that result in satisfaction with life. The purpose of the study is to validate WLEIS and SWLS because this scale has been validated across many countries but very few studies have been conducted in the Indian context. Apart from that, the current study also incorporated SWLS to validate constructs and measurement models. A sample of 238 participants working in the hospitality industry have been considered for the study. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to validate all the constructs and measurement models. The three factors of WLEIS and SWLS showed Cronbach's α more than 0.8 that showed excellent internal consistency except for SEA. The results of exploratory factor analysis found that eigenvalue ranged from 2.8 to 5.9, and the total variance explained by constructs was 65.9%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed average variance explained of each construct to be 0.5, and composite reliability to be more than 0.7, which shows excellent construct validity of scales in the Indian hospitality sector. The study also validates measurement research model of WLEIS and SWLS on the basis of model fit index (chi-square/df = 4.83, RMSEA = 0.10, GFI = 0.94, and CFI = 0.90). The strong validity and reliability of the WLEIS and SWLS have proved that neuroscience can apply these scales to measure emotional intelligence in order to understand others' emotions and apply emotions in a constructive process that may lead to satisfaction with life.

The accurate diagnosis of mental disorders, such as depression, requires comprehensive, valid, and reliable tools to ensure evidence-based treatments and effective outcome monitoring. Existing diagnostic practices often lack standardization, leading to missed comorbidities and variable diagnostic accuracy. The Klenico system is an innovative, web-based diagnostic tool that integrates patient self-reports with clinical validations by mental health professionals. This system covers a broad spectrum of mental disorders, including depression. This research aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Klenico Depression Domain (KDD), the component of the Klenico system that measures depressive symptomatology, in a real-world clinical setting. Specifically, the evaluation focused on the assessment of its construct validity, internal consistency, and sensitivity to change in symptom severity. Anonymized data from 496 inpatients with mental disorders collected between 2019 and 2022 were analyzed. Patients completed the KDD alongside parts of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) at both admission and discharge. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach α. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to examine the factor structure. Construct validity was assessed via Pearson correlations with PHQ-9 and BDI-II, while divergent validity was tested against the PHQ Somatic Symptoms Scale (PHQ-15), PHQ-Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and SWLS. Sensitivity to change was evaluated using paired 1-tailed t tests, effect sizes, and repeated measures correlations. The KDD demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach α=0.91 at admission and 0.93 at discharge). Factor analysis revealed a 7-factor structure encompassing dimensions like "inadequacy," "anhedonia," and "self-hatred," aligning with core depressive symptoms outlined in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. The correlations with the convergent questionnaires PHQ-9 (r=0.68; P<.001) and BDI-II (r=0.70; P<.001) were high. While the KDD showed a moderate correlation with the divergent PHQ-15 (r=0.35; P<.001), it was more strongly associated with the divergent SWLS (r=-0.51; P<.001) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (r=0.51; P<.001). Sensitivity to change was high, with significant reductions in KDD scores for patients with improved symptoms (t27=5.36, P<.001; Cohen d=0.79) and high repeated measures correlation with both the BDI-II (r=0.61; P<.001) and the PHQ-9 (r=0.59; P<.001). The KDD shows promise as a reliable and valid instrument for diagnosing depression and monitoring treatment outcomes in psychotherapeutic settings. Its alignment with International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision diagnostic criteria and sensitivity to symptom change underlines its potential utility. These findings highlight the Klenico system's potential to enhance clinical diagnostics by addressing current gaps in mental health care, thus improving diagnostic accuracy and consistency. Further research is recommended to validate its performance across different populations and settings.

(1) Background: Environmental issues are among society's most pressing concerns as they can significantly impact the environment and human health. The Eco Generativity Scale (EGS), a 28-item four-factor scale has been introduced to promote a constructive outlook on the matter. It encompasses two types of generativity, namely ecological and social generativity, as well as environmental identity and agency/pathways. The aim of the current study was to examine the EGS's psychometric properties among 375 Italian university students. (2) Methods: To evaluate the scale's factor structure, both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Internal consistency was evaluated via Cronbach's alphas and McDonald's omega. Concurrent validity was analyzed with the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Satisfaction with life Scale (SWLS), Meaningful Life Measure (MLM), and Flourishing Scale (FS). (3) Results: The exploratory factor analysis showed the best fit for a four-factor solution. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a four-factor higher-order model provided the best fit to the data with good internal consistency. Furthermore, each factor and the total score showed a good concurrent validity with the PANAS, SWLS, MLM, and FS. (4) Conclusions: The Eco-Generativity Scale (EGS) showed good psychometric properties for its use in research and intervention as a promising tool to measure eco-generativity.

Measurement invariance in the Satisfaction with Life Scale in Chilean and Ecuadorian older adults

In spite of the significance of life satisfaction (LS) for adolescent health and well-being, the past decades have yielded limited progress in investigating the psycho- metric properties of a well-used inventory measuring LS, The satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) in adolescents. The present study aimed at investigating the factor structure, gender invariance, and convergent validity of the Norwegian version of the five-item SWLS in adolescents 13-18 years. The study was based on a cross-sectional sample of 1,073 adolescents from rural areas in Mid-Norway, and the data were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multi-group analyses in AMOS. Results from the CFA supported a single-factor structure with correlated residual variances between items 4 and 5. The results from the multi-group analyses indicated configural and metric invariance of SWLS between genders, as indicated by invariant factor structure and factor loadings. The SWLS also showed high reliability and correlated in expected directions with mea- sures of emotional symptoms and self-esteem, supporting the convergent validity of the instrument. The psychometric properties of the SWLS need to be further evaluated in adolescents; however the present results indicate that the SWLS is a questionnaire appropriate for assessing LS in a population of Norwegian adolescents.

PurposeTo test the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) in an online format in university students from a low-income region.MethodsThis was a psychometric study, involving a study of reliability (n = 117) and validity (n = 195) in university students from a region with a Gini index of 0.56. The scale was applied at two time points with an interval of 2 weeks. This scale measures satisfaction with life based on five statements and responses ranging from 1 to 7 (strongly disagree to strongly agree). We conducted the reliability assessment using temporal stability and internal consistency and construct validity assessment by internal structure solution.ResultsAll SWLS items showed acceptable (rho > 0.30) and significant (p < 0.05) temporal stability and acceptable internal consistency (alpha > 0.70). In construct validity (internal structure), we identified a factor with an explained variance of 59.0% in the exploratory factor analysis. Additionally, in the confirmatory factor analysis, we identified a one-factor structure solution for SWLS with an acceptable model fitting (chi-square/degrees of freedom [X2/df] = 6.53; Tucker–Lewis Index [TLI] = 0.991; Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.996; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.040; standardized root mean-squared residual [SRMR] = 0.026).ConclusionThe Satisfaction with Life Scale, in the online format, is a reliable and valid tool for university students in a low-income context.