Axial-Flexural Interaction of Square FRP Tube Columns In-Filled with Ultra-High Performance Concrete

Ridha Ms

doi:10.4172/2471-9935.100018

Abstract

Membrane fouling leads to increased expenses in the processes in which they are implemented, and this is especially problematic in wastewater treatments. Therefore, fouling minimization and control represents the key to make those processes feasible. In the present paper, a review on the results of fouling control by the critical and threshold flux theories, focusing on olive mill wastewater coming from Spain (OMW-S) and Italy (OMW-I), is briefly covered. In first place, adequate fouling inhibition methods should be designed upstream the membrane operation, in order to make the downstream membrane processes for wastewater treatment technically and economically feasible. The followed strategy allows the operation of the membranes system in a controlled framework that permits the stable operation of the plant. Moreover, the calculated membrane area upon the adoption of feed control (FC) resulted in a requirement for the OMW-S stream of 74.2 and 50.3 m2 for the UF and NF membranes, respectively, whilst 113.1 and 49.7 m2 would be required for the treatment of the OMW-I stream. This also minimizes the membrane plant design, avoiding the common over-dimension wrongly estimated by engineers in order to guarantee sufficient operating autonomy to conduct the process that makes it unfeasible

Highlights

In recent years, concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes have provided an attractive use of hybrid materials in several structural applications such as piles, columns, and bridge piers where the FRP tubes provided a permanent, noncorrosive, lightweight formwork for concrete and reinforcement element at the same time
This is due to the fact that the benefits of FRP confinement at Pmax are less pronounced for large initial load eccentricities [14,15]
© Under License of Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License and 85 mm eccentricities, ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC)-filled FRP tubes had only 5.9%, 3% and 2.3% larger axial load carrying capacities than unconfined UHPC specimens, respectively, whereas the axial displacement capacities were 67.7%, 63.5% and 32.6% greater than unconfined UHPC specimens for CUHPC-0, CUHPC-10 and

Summary

Introduction

Concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes have provided an attractive use of hybrid materials in several structural applications such as piles, columns, and bridge piers where the FRP tubes provided a permanent, noncorrosive, lightweight formwork for concrete and reinforcement element at the same time.

Results

Conclusion