Abstract

Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) extracts belong to the most popular and widely used herbal remedies in the USA and Europe. In a number of countries, the Crataegus special extract WS® 1442 is approved or registered for the treatment of congestive heart failure according to stage II of the New York Heart Association. The efficacy and safety of WS® 1442 for the adjunctive treatment of this disease have been proven by numerous clinical trials and have mainly been ascribed to its positive inotropic, anti-arrhythmic, vasorelaxing, and cardioprotective effects. The extract predominantly contains two groups of polyphenolic compounds, a mixture of monomeric flavonoids and oligomeric procyanidins (OPCs).

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