Abstract
Over the past decades, environmental offences have increasingly extended beyond the borders of the Member States. It has been observed that the existing systems of penalties have not been sufficient, and the availability of criminal penalties was required, to achieve complete compliance with the laws for the protection of the environment. As a result, the European environmental criminal law has gone through a remarkable development over the past decades at both EU and Member State levels. This paper suggests that, although the Directive 2008/99/EC, which is the main legal instrument of the EU environmental criminal law, was an important step forward in the protection of environment through criminal law, it may be criticised for its administrative dependence and lack of autonomous or independent approach both in terms of offences and their sanctions.
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