Abstract
The neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays significant roles in maintaining homeostasis and regulating social behavior. In vaginally delivered neonates, a surge of AVP is released into the bloodstream at levels exceeding release during life-threatening conditions such as hemorrhagic shock. It is currently unknown where the potential sites of action are in the neonate for these robust levels of circulating AVP at birth. The purpose of this study is to identify the location of AVP receptor 1a (AVPR1A) sites as potential peripheral targets of AVP in the neonatal mouse. RT-qPCR analysis of a sampling of tissues from the head demonstrated the presence of Avpr1a mRNA, suggesting local peripheral translation. Using competitive autoradiography in wildtype (WT) and AVPR1A knockout (KO) postnatal day 0 (P0) male and female mice on a C57BL/6J background, specific AVPR1A ligand binding was observed in the neonatal mouse periphery in sensory tissues of the head (eyes, ears, various oronasal regions), bone, spinal cord, adrenal cortex, and the uro-anogenital region in the neonatal AVPR1A WT mouse, as it was significantly reduced or absent in the control samples (AVPR1A KO and competition). AVPR1A throughout the neonatal periphery suggest roles for AVP in modulating peripheral physiology and development of the neonate.
Highlights
The transition from aquatic to terrestrial life during mammalian birth represents an exceptionally vulnerable time in d evelopment[1]
In this study we identify robust presence of AVP receptor 1a (AVPR1A) in the murine neonatal periphery
Tissues found to have AVPR1A present, with implications in arginine vasopressin (AVP)’s role in the birth transition and development include eyes, ears, various regions of the oronasal cavity, vertebral bone, spinal cord, adrenal cortex, and the uro-anogenital region. These data are consistent with prior evidence of the presence of AVPR1A in the b one[26] and spinal c ord[27], along with the high specificity of this [ 125I]-linear AVP ligand (AVPR1A antagonist N EX31021,22; NEN/Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA) for AVPR1A in the brain across rodent s pecies[14,19,28]
Summary
The transition from aquatic to terrestrial life during mammalian birth represents an exceptionally vulnerable time in d evelopment[1]. While AVP is well known for its role in maintaining homeostasis and modulating social behavior in adult mammals, during vaginal delivery human infants experience a massive surge of circulating AVP2,3 that will surpass known increases of AVP in response to other stressors in life[4]. AVP can act upon AVP receptor 1a (AVPR1A), AVP receptor 1b (AVPR1B), AVP receptor 2 (AVPR2), and oxytocin receptor (OXTR)[11]. To better understand the organs and tissues throughout the body most likely to respond directly to the surge of circulating AVP during vaginal birth, in this study we identified prominent locations of AVPR1A binding sites throughout the periphery of the neonatal mouse
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