Abstract
Emissions from aircraft have adverse effects on the air quality in and around airports, contributing to public health concerns within neighbouring communities. AVIATOR will adopt a multi-level measurement, modelling and assessment approach to develop an improved description and quantification of the relevant aircraft engine emissions, and their impact on air quality under different climatic conditions. Particulate and gaseous emissions in a test cell and on-wing from an in-service aircraft will be measured to determine pollutant plume evolution from the engine and APU exhaust. This will provide an enhanced understanding of primary emitted pollutants, specifically the nvPM and vPM (down to 10nm), and the scalability between the regulatory test cell and real environments. AVIATOR will develop and deploy a proof-of-concept low cost sensor network for monitoring UFP, PM and gaseous species across multiple airports and surrounding communities. Campaigns will be complemented by high-fidelity modelling of aircraft exhaust dynamics, microphysical and chemical processes within the plume. CFD, box, and airport air quality models will be applied, providing validated parameterisations of the relevant processes, applicable to standard dispersion modelling on the local scale. Working with the regulatory community, AVIATOR will develop improved guidance on measuring and modelling the impact of aircraft emissions, and will provide airports and regulators with tools and guidance to improve the assessment of air quality in and around airports.
Highlights
T P RHTotal Particulate Matter (PM) mass conc.Chemical compositionBASELINE SYSTEM (Piggyback & Dedicated)Total PM number conc. (>7 nm)PM size dist. (>5 nm) non-volatile Particulate Matter (nvPM) number conc. (>7 nm) CO/CO2 conc.nvPM mass conc. nvPM size dist.Total PM mass conc
To build on the knowledge gaps and requirements of stakeholders; to develop and agree new outline agendas to benchmark and improve regulation of aircraft emissions that is better aligned to the needs and current understanding of airport air quality
New parameterisations will be developed to facilitate an improved prediction of Ultra Fine Particles (UFP) number concentrations, and other pollutants in and around airports
Summary
Scientists and regulators have an increasingly informed understanding of the complex nature of Particulate Matter (PM) in ambient air, in terms of particle size and chemical composition from different sources both natural and anthropogenic. Within this context, it is considered Ultra Fine Particles (UFP) –particles of aerodynamic diameter less than 100 nm– may have greater toxicity on an equal mass basis than currently regulated larger particles (PM2.5/PM10 ambient standards) because their vast numbers and small diameters provide a high surface area which is a potentially important toxicological interface. These challenges, further elaborated within Flightpath 2050, amplify the societal and industry requirement for an enhanced qualitative and quantitative understanding of aircraft engine emissions, physicochemical interactions and dispersion, with specific reference to pollutants that may have significant health impacts
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