Abstract
Future of massive Internet-of-Things (IoT) and low latency applications hinges on delivering fresh information on time. Thus, to analyse data freshness for time critical use cases in future networks, the age of information (AoI) measure is introduced. Besides, energy harvesting is also essential to improve energy sustainability and lifetime of a power-constrained and cost-efficient network. Therefore, we investigate a new network architecture suitable for future massive IoT where connectivity, energy sustainability and freshness of information are emerged. We study a wireless powered cooperative network, wherein a source and a relay charge their finite-sized capacitors by harvesting energy from a power station. For decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward relaying strategies, average AoI and peak AoI (PAoI) are investigated to indicate how the randomness of the data/power transfer and size of the capacitors affect the age metrics. It is shown that, although utilizing a power-limited relay imposes more delay, the age metrics could be improved. Specifically, for the DF scheme with more waiting time due to signal processing, we may achieve lower average PAoI due to improving the reliability. Furthermore, special cases of the proposed system are discussed, e.g., full-power nodes and one-shot successful data transmission. Finally, numerical results are provided to clarify when a relaying strategy can outperform the direct transmissions. It is shown that for all values of the size of the capacitors, position of the relay, the power station’s power, and etc, there is not a unique optimal transmission strategy to minimize AoI metrics.
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