Available vaccines, antigenic distance, and analysis of Bulgarian viruses in the light of possible vaccination

Abstract

Avian influenza is still of a big concern for poultry production. The last year many European countries considered some strategies for vaccination. France was the first country in Europa who started vaccination program since the autumn of 2023. The aim of this study is to present the importance of knowing the genetic characteristics of current strains circulating in Bulgaria. Knowing their origin gives us the knowledge to predict and choose the future management of the outbreaks. The landscape of avian influenza vaccines is a dynamic process, with ongoing research and development to address emerging strains and improve vaccine technologies. That is why we should be prepared with methods and techniques to control the disease. Additionally, specific details can vary, and recommendations may change based on the evolving nature of avian influenza viruses.