Abstract
Cropping energetic plants could provide soil protection, additional incomes to farmers and suppress weed development without loss of food production. It also contributes to the development of no-tillage cultivation in agroecological farming system. Energetic plants such as: sunflower, crambe, canola and safflower were evaluated in no-tillage agroecological farming in autumnal planting, after soybean crop. Higher plant heights were observed in sunflower, flowering [46 days after emergency (dae)] and harvest (108 dae) was first observed in crambe plants. Intermediate earliness was observed in the sunflower (61 and 136 dae, respectively). Biomass was found greater in the sunflower compared to safflower or canola. Intermediate values were obtained for crambe plants. Greater grain and oil yields were found in descending order in sunflower, crambe, canola and cartamo. Despite the drought period occurred during crop development, sunflower and crambe yields were similar or even higher to means, than yields of these same crops in conventional fields in Brazil. Sunflower and crambe were the best options to take part in succession/rotation system after soybean spring/summer crop.
Highlights
The climate change associated with the rise in greenhouse gas emissions and the concerns about environmental sustainability of population and economic growth, has stimulated the production the biofuels (Guo, Song, & Buhain, 2015; Morone & Cottoni, 2016).the deforestation and the usage of arable fields to cultivate energetic crops, previously occupied by food crops would decrease food production and lead to a loss of carbon in forests and soils (Scarlat & Dallemand, 2011)
Fast crop plants growth is a desirable trait for weed management in agroecological farming systems due to weed smothering
Flowering and harvest were first observed in crambe plants, 46 and 108 dae, respectively (Table 1)
Summary
The climate change associated with the rise in greenhouse gas emissions and the concerns about environmental sustainability of population and economic growth, has stimulated the production the biofuels (Guo, Song, & Buhain, 2015; Morone & Cottoni, 2016).the deforestation and the usage of arable fields to cultivate energetic crops, previously occupied by food crops would decrease food production and lead to a loss of carbon in forests and soils (Scarlat & Dallemand, 2011). Dourtoglou, 2012), energetic expenditure (Dos Santos, Tomm, Spera, & Ávila, 2007) and occurrence of weeds (Gunstone, 1996). It maintains and improves soil fertility (mostly phosphorus and organic maters levels) (Santos, Tomm, & Lhamby, 1995) water retention which diminishes yield loses in drought (Dalmago et al, 2009) and it is an important approach to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and mitigate effects of atmosphere warming and climatic changes by carbon retention in the soil (Santos et al, 2013). Safflower (Carthamustinctorius L.) cv. common (from IAPAR, Londrina) in jas.ccsenet.org
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