Autonomous Cooperation in The Internet of Things

Democracy and Nation Formation: National Identity Change and Dual Identity in Taiwan, 1991-2011 Shiau-Chi Shen As has been the case in many newly democratized countries, the transition to democracy in Taiwan entailed nationalist competition and the aggravation of ethnic conflict. Much research has shown that national identities among the general populace have experienced radical change. The Chinese national identity no longer occupies a dominant position, while the Taiwanese national identity is rapidly rising. The popular view is that democratization provides a political space for this nascent Taiwanese identity to challenge, and eventually replace, orthodox Chinese identity. This view, however, overlooks the very important phenomenon that, especially in the stage following the democratic transition, most people held dual national identity, i.e. both Taiwanese and Chinese national identities. This phenomenon presents a puzzle to the study of national identity in Taiwan, and in general as well. Why, in the fierce confrontation between two national identities in national politics, would most people prefer to see Taiwanese and Chinese national identities as compatible and show their allegiance to both? This dissertation challenges the assumption in previous research that the nature of national identity is exclusive—that it represents an either-or choice or attitude. This assumption has led to the incorrect view that the decline of Chinese national identity and the rise of Taiwanese national identity are two sides of the same coin. Contrary to this conventional view, this study shows that the trajectory of the two identities are actually different processes which have occurred during different historical stages and in different international environments, and that they are the results of different political forces. Taiwanese national identity started to rise in the early 1990’s. Chinese national identity, however, began to decline only after 2000. The past two decades thus witnessed a great proportion of people with dual identity. This study focuses on the factors of state and politics, rather than history and ethnicity, to explain the rise of Taiwanese national identity, and also the phenomenon of dual identity. It is contended that the ethnic base of Taiwanese national identity, with its particular history and language, which has been much emphasized by many political and cultural elites, as well as scholars, constitutes only one route of nation formation. The other more important route is through political participation in the democratic regime. While democratic institutions and practices redefine the de jure territory of the state (the Republic of China), democratic citizenship provides a new base for collective self-understanding. Through participation in democratic political processes, identification with the Taiwan-wide political community is cultivated among the populace. The Taiwanese national identity engendered through this route does not challenge the ethnicity upon which the Chinese national identity is based. It thus is able to co-exist with Chinese national identity. The decline of Chinese national identity is hence not the result of the rise of Taiwanese identity, but of the rise of China. It is argued that the dominance of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the international community along with its staunch One China Principle has removed the important component of the Republic of China (ROC) from the Chinese national identity in Taiwan. Chinese unification now means the elimination of the ROC and to be ruled by the PRC. People who have identified with the ROC no longer opt for a unified great China and hence forgo their Chinese national identity. Based on the study of the phenomenon of dual identity in Taiwan, this dissertation proposes two important theoretical findings. First, contrary to the popular view among the students of nationalism and nationalist politics, it argues that democratization mitigates rather than exacerbates identity politics. Secondly, dual identity is difficult to sustain if the larger nation pursues a state that denies political autonomy to the small nation.

This article discusses how associations form professional identities and reflects on the establishment of the Journal of Western Archives. It highlights the ways in which the establishment of the journal is a manifestation of the development of a Western regional archival identity and underscores the role that individuals play in the creation of associational identities. One of the most compelling vignettes in world literature, found in Miguel de Cervantes’ classic novel Don Quijote, deals with the difficulties of establishing identity. In the novel, Don Quijote forges a new identity for himself as a valiant knight errant; he is accompanied by his neighbor Sancho Panza, whom he has made his faithful squire, as he goes on various adventures. In the incident referenced, Quijote and Panza have just come upon thirty or forty windmills. Quijote declares that the windmills are giants and that they must be vanquished before they can cause more misery and suffering. The following conversation, illustrative of the difficulty of forming a new identity, occurs. “What giants?” asked Sancho Panza. “The ones you can see over there,” answered his master, “with the huge arms, some of which are very nearly two leagues long.” “Now look, your grace,” said Sancho, “what you see over there aren’t giants, but windmills, and what seem to be arms are just their sails, that go around in the wind and turn the millstone.” “Obviously,” replied Don Quijote, “you don’t know much about adventures. Those are giants—and if you’re frightened, 1 Daines: Tilting at Windmills Published by DigitalCommons@USU, 2010 take yourself away from here and say your prayers, while I go charging into savage and unequal combat with them.” Quijote, in reality a retired country gentleman named Alonzo Quijano, is clearly deeply invested in the new identity that he is creating for himself, while Sancho Panza is struggling to adapt to his new identity as a faithful squire. Panza is far more comfortable with his former identity as Quijano’s neighbor. Over the course of the novel, Panza comes to accept the new identity that Quijano has created for him and recognize the benefits that this new identity has given him. The process of identity formation is particularly interesting to me, as I have been deeply enmeshed, over the last two decades, in the process of transitioning from an identity of a student studying to enter medical school to the identity of a professional archivist. Identity is composed of various meanings that we and others attach to ourselves. These “meanings, or self-conceptions, are based on the social roles and group memberships a person holds (social identities) as well as the personal and character traits they display, and others attribute to them, based on their conduct (personal identities).” In professional settings, identity development “often involves tailoring one’s identity to a prototypic role identity.” This is a difficult task for archivists working in the United States, as our archival identity is currently in flux. Rand Jimerson has argued that the “most striking feature of the American archival profession in recent years is its ongoing search for identity and for public acceptance as a socially significant profession.” The archival profession’s concern with identity development is not unique. Other professions have also struggled to create cohesive professional identities that are seen as socially significant by the general public. Jimerson identifies three broad manifestations of American archivists’ search for professional identity as “developing internal standards for professional recognition; enhancing the public image of archives and archivists; and strengthening the research and theoretical foundations of the profession.” 1. Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Don Quijote: A New Translation, Backgrounds and Contexts, Criticism/ Miguel de Cervantes, trans. Burton Raffel; ed. Diana de Armas Wilson (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999), 43–44. 2. Herminia Ibarra and Jennifer L. Petriglieri, “Identity Work and Play,” Journal of Organizational Change Management 23, no. 1 (2010), 11.

Veiled Threats: How Do Identity Threats Shape Muslims' Support for Terrorism?

Connecting food supply chains

The Hypertext 2015 Doctorial Consortium session is held the first day of the 26th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media. It offers Ph.D. students an opportunity to present their ongoing research towards obtaining a Ph.D. degree in the disciplines related to the conference, mostly in Computer and Information Sciences but not limited to them. The themes of the submissions are strongly connected to the research tracks of this year's conference: Digital Connectivity, Data Connectivity and Digital Humanities. The Digital Connectivity track targets developing insights into the mechanisms of information generation and dissemination, characterization of evolutionary processes on online social networks, and studies of models and systems that support these processes. The second track, Data Connectivity, deals with the methods, techniques and technologies that can be used to make data available on the Web, with a special focus on how heterogeneous data sources can be connected to each other. Finally, the track of Digital Humanities seeks to attract work from an interdisciplinary perspective, on the intersection between computer science on one hand, and the humanities and social sciences on the other. During the DC session, students receive constructive feedback from their peers and from a panel of mentors to support them in envisioning added-value contributions to the state-of-the-art research in Hypertext and Social Media. The consortium session is open to all doctorial students by application. Each submission was reviewed by three senior researchers in the topics the students made their submissions. The DC session is aimed in particular at students who have defined a dissertation topic but are still more than one year from graduating at the time of application in order to obtain benefits from feedback. This year, the committee has accepted three contributions to be presented during the Doctorial Consortium session: Automated Methods for Identity Resolution in Heterogeneous Social Platforms by Paridhi Jahin. In this work, connected to the digital and data connectivity tracks of the conference, the author proposes novel methods to search and link user identities scattered across heterogeneous social networks. The methods consider carefully users' privacy, so they are designed to access only public and historic data. The evaluation is proposed on large datasets over multiple platforms to prove their significance in identity resolution of an online user. Language Innovation and Change in On-line Social Networks by Daniel Kershaw. As a fundamental aspect for human communication, this research focuses on forecasting online language change through the use of predictive and descriptive methodologies. This work is framed within structuration theory which helps the researcher in structuring the analysis of the dynamics of language (re)production - i.e. by the agent (user), the social structure and their interplay. A Framework to Provide Customized Reuse of Open Corpus Content for Adaptive Systems by Mostafa Bayomi. This work deals with issues of reusability of contents on adaptive systems. Adaptive systems tailor content specific to user's needs, but they face two big problems: (a) they use a closed corpus content that has been prepared for them a priori, and (b) the content is tightly coupled with other parts of the system, which hinders its reusability. This work presents a proposal that leverages the semantic web by extending an existing content provision system, Slice-pedia.

PurposeThe Internet of Things has made the shift to the digital era possible, even though the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector has not embraced nor integrated it within the core functions compared to other sectors. The need to enhance sustainable construction with the adoption of Internet of Things in this sector cannot be overemphasized. However, the real-world applications of Internet of Things in smart buildings remain relatively unexplored in the AEC sector due to several issues related to deployment and energy-saving potentials. Given these challenges, this paper proposes to identify the present state of development and research in Internet of Things and smart buildings, identify Internet of Things clusters and applications in smart buildings.Design/methodology/approachBibliometric analyses of papers from 2010 to 2023 using the Scopus database and scientometric evaluations using the VosViewer software were undertaken. The proper search keyword was identified by using the phrases “ Internet of Things” and “Smart Building”. A total of 1158 documents in all, written by 3540 different writers, representing 2285 different institutions from 97 different countries were looked at. A metasynthesis was conducted and a system of Internet of Things applications in a smart building is illustrated.FindingsThe development of IoT and Smart Buildings is done in two phases: initiation (2010–2012) and development phase (2013–2023). The IoT clusters comprised Internet of things, energy efficiency, intelligent buildings, smart buildings and automation; while the most commonly used applications were analysed and established. The study also determined the productive journals, documents, authors and countries.Research limitations/implicationsDocuments published in the Scopus database from 2010 to 2023 were considered for the bibliometric analysis. Journal articles, conference papers, reviews, books and book chapters written in English language represent the inclusion criteria, while articles in press, conference reviews, letters, editorials, undefined sources and all medical and health publications were excluded.Practical implicationsThe results of this study will be used by construction stakeholders and policymakers to identify key themes and applications in IoT-enabled smart buildings and to guide future research in the policymaking process of asset management.Originality/valueThe study utilised bibliometric analysis, scientometrics and metasynthesis to investigate Internet of things applications in smart buildings. The study identified Internet of things clusters and applications for smart building design and construction.

Given the exponential expansion of the internet, the possibilities of security attacks and cybercrimes have increased accordingly. However, poorly implemented security mechanisms in the Internet of Things (IoT) devices make them susceptible to cyberattacks, which can directly affect users. IoT forensics is thus needed to investigate and mitigate such attacks. While many works have examined IoT applications and challenges, only a few have focused on both the forensic and security issues in IoT. Therefore, this paper reviews forensic and security issues associated with IoT in different fields. Prospects and challenges in IoT research and development are also highlighted. As the literature demonstrates, most IoT devices are vulnerable to attacks due to a lack of standardized security measures. Unauthorized users could get access, compromise data, and even benefit from control of critical infrastructure. To fulfill the security-conscious needs of consumers, IoT can be used to develop a smart home system by designing the security-conscious needs of consumers; IoT can be used to create a smart home system by designing an IoT can be used to develop a smart home system by designing a FLIP-based system that is highly scalable and adaptable. A blockchain-based authentication mechanism with a multi-chain structure can provide additional security protection between different trust domains. Deep learning can be utilized to develop a network forensics framework with a high-performing system for detecting and tracking cyberattack incidents. Moreover, researchers should consider limiting the amount of data created and delivered when using big data to develop IoT-based smart systems. The findings of this review will stimulate academics to seek potential solutions for the identified issues, thereby advancing the IoT field.

In concert with advances of wireless technologies in facilitating internet connectivity of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, mobile edge computing can provision and distribute computing resources at the cloudlets to efficiently process a high volume of IoT data. Among the IoT applications, multi-party data sharing among IoT devices, wireless access nodes and cloudlets is becoming increasingly critical, not only because the data collected by each single IoT device will often stay unmined, but also because of the security concern. As IoT applications' dependence on the cloud environment grows, the rich resources at cloudlets often become the attack targets, and the IoT data that are stored or processed using the cloud resources will be jeopardized. For the internet of important things, we have investigated how to efficiently and securely share the data among multi-party. In particular, for a group of cooperative IoT devices, by leveraging the cloud resources available at the wireless access points, a secure cache site with fast data uploading rate is chosen for each user. To minimize the overall data downloading time, the multi-party multi-path data delivery scheme is also designed such that each user can efficiently retrieve the data belonging to other parties.

This thesis explores the social identity of Chinese migrant youth schooled in Prato, a provincial town located near Florence in Italy. Chinese labour migrants began arriving in Prato in the early 1990s and have had a significant demographic, economic and social impact on the town. In just two decades, the number of Chinese in Prato has increased from about 500 to well over 12,000. Documented Chinese migrants, most of whom are from the Zhejiang Province, constitute 5.4% of Prato’s population. Chinese migrants arrived in Prato to fill a void in the local garment industry. Italian garment industry operators outsourced work to Chinese migrants because local labour was scarce, and because they provided competitive costs and services. Currently, Chinese migrants are the principal garment industry proprietors and workers in Prato. Chinese garment businesses supply local, national and global markets. Chinese business proprietors are the innovators of the pronto moda [ready-to-wear] garment production model, which is in turn responsible for their economic success. Notably, Chinese migrants live in a nation-state with a short history of immigration that is struggling to develop an official government policy to manage the settlement of third country immigrants. This study contributes to the research on the recent phenomenon of Chinese immigration to Italy as well as to Chinese migration studies subsequent to China’s 1979 open door policy, which resulted in increased mobility flows into and out of China. More specifically, it contributes to research on Chinese migrant youth identity construction. The social identity of Italian-schooled Chinese youth in Prato is influenced by their parents’ socio-economic status on arrival in Italy, the socio-economic position they have created for themselves in Italy and Italian discourses on migration. The social identity of Italian-schooled Chinese-Pratese youth is explored through an analysis of their linguistic repertoire, language practice and discursively constructed identities. An interdisciplinary theoretical framework is used to analyse data drawing on the sociocultural linguistic view that social identities are revealed through language and are intersubjectively produced by hierarchically ordered culture and society. I adopt a grounded theory approach employing discourse analysis, social identification theory, sociocultural linguistic theory and sociolinguistic theories to show that there is a nexus between language and identity. Data was taken from questionnaire responses, semi-structured interviews and informal talk among informants. Informants were mixed generation, 18+ year-old males and females in attendance at senior secondary schools in Prato. The study revealed that second and 1.75 generation Chinese migrant youth have layered, hybrid Chinese-Italian social identities. Chinese identities are locally produced and comprise Chinese diasporic identity, Chinese identity ascribed by the dominant group, and an identity which seeks affiliation with China as a global economic superpower. Italian social identities are also locally produced. However, they are self-ascribed and not ascribed by the dominant cultural group. Other identity positions are also nested within Italian-schooled Chinese migrant youth hybrid identities. Interestingly, the identities of study participants’ are not particularly marked by their parents’ cultural heritage. This study also reveals the presence of other Chinese migrant youth groups in Prato.

Founder identity is essential in entrepreneurial decision making. A number of studies have sought to examine the relationship between founder identity and venture by taking a unilateral perspective of either social identity theory or identity theory. On the basis of an exploratory single-case study conducted with a German venture from the sustainable fashion industry, this bachelor thesis integrates both theories and explores how the synergy of a founder’s social and role identities influences core strategic decisions in new venture-creation process. The results obtained in this analysis suggest that 1) founders’ social and role identities have different yet complementary impact on the new venture-creation process, and 2) strategic decisions shaping a venture are a result of different interplays between multiple social and role identities, where either one of the identity types dominates a decision or both identities simultaneously reinforce it. My contributions broaden the understanding on the interrelation between founder and his or her venture by expanding the focus of founder identity theory to social as well as role identities. Keywords: Sustainable entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial decision making, founder identity, social identity theory, identity theory, multi-founder ventures.

THE IMPACT OF DUAL IDENTITIES OF COLLEGE STUDENT-ATHLETES ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE Stephen E. Knott Old Dominion University, 2016 Director: Dr. Lynn L. Ridinger Maintaining a balance between the dual roles of being both a student and an athlete can be challenging for many college student-athletes. While research has indicated identity conflicts exist for student-athletes because of these two roles, few investigations have analyzed the impact of having dual identities on academic performance. Using identity theory as a theoretical framework, this study sought to determine if relationships exist among athlete identity, student identity, and GPA. In addition, this study examined whether these relationships varied based on gender, race, year in school, major, and sport. A survey instrument that included the Academic and Athletic Identity Scale (Yukhymenko-Lescroart, 2014) was distributed to 469 studentathletes at one NCAA Division I university. Data analyses were conducted from 192 completed surveys. Results revealed a moderate positive correlation between student identity and athlete identity (r=.45, p .05). Few differences were found when examining correlations by gender, race, year in school, major, and sport. The only significant findings were differences in the correlations between student identity and athlete identity based on year in school and major. This correlation was much higher for juniors (.70) in comparison to seniors (.19). Also, the correlation between these two identities was higher for social science majors (.54) than natural science majors (.30). Results are discussed in relation to identity theory and implications for coaches and athletic academic advisors are given.

Internet of Things (IoT) technology provides the basic infrastructure for a hyper connected society where all things are connected and exchange information through the Internet. IoT technology is fused with 5G and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for use various fields such as the smart city and smart factory. As the demand for IoT technology increases, security threats against IoT infrastructure, applications, and devices have also increased. A variety of studies have been conducted on the detection of IoT malware to avoid the threats posed by malicious code. While existing models may accurately detect malicious IoT code identified through static analysis, detecting the new and variant IoT malware quickly being generated may become challenging. Due to the complexity of design and implementation in both hardware and software, as well as the lack of security functions and abilities, IoT devices are becoming an attractive target for cyber criminals who take advantage of weak authentication, outdated firmware’s , and malwares to compromise IoT devices .This project provides the light on the system named as malware classification and detection of IOT devices, used to detect the cyber-attacks caused by malware on IOT devices by using machine learning techniques. The malware classification and detection system detect and identifies the various types of malwares using static analysis with the help of machine learning algorithm. An easy-to-use user interface for easy uploading of files and checking for virus is designed. Also, acceptance testing is performed on the application to remove vulnerabilities.

The continuous rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has presented a new model in fourth generation and beyond cellular networks. This continuous growth and the increasing demand in the provision of high transmission rate, delay sensitive and spectrum efficient cellular networks have made the development of fifth generation (5G) networks a reality. The design of the end-to-end 5G networks anticipated the need for terrestrial radio access networks to be complemented by its satellite counterpart in order to ensure that 5G services are provided seamlessly. These 5G services include IoT communications. This has necessitated the need for 5G satellite radio access networks to provide access to IoT devices that are located in remote and rural areas. This type of IoT devices are termed Internet of Remote Things (IoRT) devices. While this remain an appealing solution, many radio resource management issues including packet scheduling for IoRT communications in 5G satellite networks remains undefined. Hence, this paper aims to propose a new dynamic packet scheduling algorithm that will be appropriate for mixed traffic type IoRT communications in 5G satellite networks. The performance evaluation of the proposed packet scheduler is conducted through simulations, using delay, spectral efficiency, throughput and fairness index as the performance indices.

New Perspectives on People and Forests

Contents: Joandomenec Ros: Preface - Flocel Sabate: Catalonia among the Longstanding Regions of Europe - Flocel Sabate: The Medieval Roots of Catalan Identity - Antoni Simon: The Centuries Ushering in Modernity: Identity, State and Nation - Antoni Simon: Catalans and Spaniards: Two Peoples Chosen for a Single Promised Land - Ignasi Fernandez: Catholics and Catalans: Religion in Catalan Identity in the 16th and 17th Centuries - Oscar Jane: France and the Formation of Political and Social Identities in 17th Century Catalonia - Cristian Palomo: Catalan National Identity in the 18th Century: The War of the Spanish Succession and the Bourbon Regime - Jordi Casassas: The Contemporary World: A Increasingly Noticeable Distinct Identity - David Cao: Catalonia: Unique Consciousness and Collective Identity in the First Half of the 18th Century: Notes and Consideration - Giovanni C. Cattini: The Advent and Politicisation of a Unique Catalan Identity (1860-1898) - Jordi Casassas: What Made Catalonia Unique (1901-1939) - Carles Santacana: Catalan Identity in the Years of a Spanishist Dictatorship - Josep Moran/Joan Anton Rabella: The language: vehicle for transmission of Catalan Identity throughout History - Tomas de Montagut: A Survey of the Legal History of Catalonia and its Historical Rights - Xavier Barral: Architecture, Power and Identity in Medieval Catalonia: Identity-based Challenges when Recovering and Re-creating.