Abstract
The thermoregulatory system of mammals and birds has evolved with a complement of autonomic and behavioral motor outputs. The central nervous system thermoregulatory centers located in the preoptic and anterior hypothalamus integrate sensory inputs relaying thermal information from the core and skin, resulting in the generation of effector signals to control motor outputs for heat production, conservation, and heat dissipation. The thermoregulatory centers are also affected by nonthermal stimuli such as hypoxia, hypoglycemia, and hypotension. Acting in a coordinated manner, the thermoregulatory system continuously maintains the core temperature within relatively narrow limits, over a wide range of environmental temperatures, from soon after birth up to the impending point of death.
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