Abstract
This article summarizes recent findings of unique behavioral and biochemical effects of acute and chronic nicotine exposure during adolescence. There is a dynamic and bidirectional interaction between nicotine and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Adolescence is a period of major remodeling of the HPA axis and its limbic control circuitry, during which it is highly sensitive to the influence of hormones and the environment. Adaptations in the maturation of the HPA axis may underlie some of the long-term behavioral effects of adolescent nicotine exposure, and may contribute to the highly addictive effect of tobacco use during the early teenage years.
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