Automatic Generation Control (AGC) operation in a restructured power system under Availability Based Tariff (ABT) mechanism by considering peak hours and off-peak hours

Yogesh Prajapati

doi:10.17485/ijst/v13i33.1002

Abstract

Objectives: To simulate automatic generation control (AGC) operation in a deregulated power system under availability based tariff (ABT) mechanism to regulate grid frequency during peak and off-peak hours. Method: For the simulation, the two areas, an isolated power system with Area1, which has thermal - hydropower plants with two DISCOs, and Area2 having a thermal – thermal power plant with two DISCOs have been considered. DISCO participation matrix (DPM) has been used for the visualization of bilateral contract by distribution companies (DISCOs) in the restructured environment. An AGC operation of two area power system with 10% load variations during peak hour and off-peak hour has been presented for the 24 hours in graphical form. Findings: The deviations in the grid frequency and Unscheduled Interchange (UI) charges or deviation settlement mechanism (DSM) rates of ABT due to sudden load changes and renewable power found. The frequent AGC operation of generators against load variation to stabilize the grid frequency is increasing wear and tear losses which finally increases maintenance cost and sometimes tripping of generators. Also, in peak hours and off-peak hours the drastic change in UI charges found during AGC operation so, there is a need to regulate grid frequency from the load side using distributed energy sources. Novelty: In proposed work, at the distribution side, Electric vehicle has been considered to regulate grid frequency during peak and off-peak hours. Work has been justified by appropriate data and simulated results. Keywords: AGC; deregulation; peak hours; offpeak hours; ABT

Highlights

An electric power utility has adopted deregulated market practice worldwide and restructuring is going on[1] and reshuffled into GENCOs, TRANSCOs, distribution companies (DISCOs), and ISOs of a power system
It is assumed that DISCOs in area1 demands 3000 MW power and DISCOs in area2 demands 2000 MW power of respective GENCOs
Change in generated power has been calculated on an average basis for both areas for peak and off-peak hours of operations of the power system are given as below, Fig 3

Summary

Introduction

An electric power utility has adopted deregulated market practice worldwide and restructuring is going on[1] and reshuffled into GENCOs, TRANSCOs, DISCOs, and ISOs of a power system. A lot of ancillary services like voltage control, reactive power control, load balancing, and frequency control has been provided by ISO. Automatic generation control (AGC) is one of the supplementary services. The various issues concerning load frequency control (LFC) has been discussed for the operation and control of power system[2]. A broad investigation with techno-economical aspects of Ancillary Services (AS) in competitive electricity markets with its various types, definition, different contacts, and dispatch method along with RES is presented [4]. AGC is one of the ancillary services at the generating station

Objectives

Results

Conclusion