Abstract
The quantitative and qualitative assessment of gold grains from samples of glacial till is a well-established method for exploring gold deposits hidden under glaciated cover. This method, which is widely used in the industry and has resulted in numerous successes in locating gold deposits in glaciated terrain, is still based on artisanal gravity separation techniques and visual identification. However, being artisanal, it is limited by inconsistent recoveries and difficulties associated with visually identifying the predominantly small gold grains. These limitations hinder its capacity to decipher subtle or complex signals. To improve detection limits through the recovery of small gold grains, a new approach has recently been introduced into the industry, which is commercially referred to as the “ARTGold” procedure. This procedure involves the use of an optimized miniature sluice box coupled with an automated scanning electron microscopy routine. The capabilities of this improved method were highlighted in this study by comparing till surveys conducted around the Borden gold deposit (Ontario, Canada) using the conventional and improved methods at both local and regional scales. Relative to that with the conventional approach, the improved method increased the recovery of gold grains from samples (regional and down-ice mineralization) by almost one order of magnitude. (regional and down-ice mineralization), dominantly in regard of the small size fractions. Increasing the counts in low-abundance regional samples allows for a better discrimination between background signals and significant dispersions. The described method offers an alternative for improving the characterization of gold dispersal in glaciated terrain and related gold deposit footprints.
Highlights
Since the dawn of civilization, detrital gold has been recovered from sediments
The results include the counts and sizes of gold grains recovered from the till samples collected in a ca. 250 km2 area surrounding the Borden gold deposit (Ontario, Canada)
The methods developed for recovering and counting gold grains in glacial till are recognized as the primary tools for regional gold exploration under glaciated cover, being the sole methods enabling the detection of distant signals
Summary
Since the dawn of civilization, detrital gold has been recovered from sediments. Gold panning is a skillful art, and for this reason, artisans deserve respect. The method used to process glacial sediments in almost all laboratories (hereafter referred as the “conventional method”) is based on a combination of gravity separation techniques (mainly shaking tables and hand panning) and visual identification (typically under binocular stereomicroscopes) While this method is widely used and has led to numerous successes [2,6,7,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27], some studies suggest that the conventional method yields erratic results due to its low counts, since it is not effective in recovering/identifying very small gold grains [3,4,28,29,30,31,32]. The use of detailed data collected from gold grains, such as their size, morphology, and chemistry, is discussed in companion papers [41,42]
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