Abstract
The field of urology is certainly making strides to address gender disparity. However, there continue to be outstanding concerns of implicit bias that mitigate efforts toward gender equality and continue to impact women and underrepresented minorities in the workplace even after contractual negotiations are undertaken. Both men and women participate in unconscious behaviors and beliefs that are biased against women 1 Salles A Awad M Goldin L et al. Estimating implicit and explicit gender bias among health care professionals and surgeons. JAMA Netw Open. 2019; 2 (e196545-e196545.https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6545) Crossref PubMed Scopus (105) Google Scholar and subsequently contribute to significant delays in time to promotion, decreased publication productivity, grant funding, societal awards, and mentorship for women in comparison to men. 2 Ellinas E Rebello E Chandrabose R Shillcutt S Hernandez M Silver J Distinguished service awards in anesthesiology specialty societies: analysis of gender differences. Anesth Analg. 2019; (Publish Ahead of Print)https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000004132 Crossref Scopus (22) Google Scholar , 3 Oliveira DFM Ma Y Woodruff TK Uzzi B Comparison of National Institutes of Health Grant Amounts to first-time male and female principal investigators. JAMA. 2019; 321: 898-900https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.21944 Crossref PubMed Scopus (103) Google Scholar , 4 Saltzman Amanda Hebert Kristi Prats Samantha et al. Women urologists: trends in mentoring and career choices. Urol Pract. 2016; 3: 302-308https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urpr.2016.01.005 Crossref Scopus (8) Google Scholar
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