Abstract
When buying apples, there are several characteristics that are important to the consumer. These include taxonomic variety, which influences the desired flavor and the allergenicity, and, increasingly, whether the cultivation is regional and organic. In this study, we analyzed 217 apple samples with 1H NMR spectroscopy and verified the authentication of the apples in terms of country of origin, local origin within Germany, taxonomic variety and whether they were organically produced. The obtained random forest models showed classification accuracies ranging from about 73 % for the discrimination of seven taxonomic varieties to 88.5 % for the separation of German and non-German samples. The results demonstrate that 1H NMR spectroscopy is promising for comprehensive authentication of apples. This is achieved by using different parts of the NMR fingerprint depending on the desired outcome, which was confirmed by the application of variable selection methods and the comparison of the selected variables.
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