Australians of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities

Abstract

In this chapter diverse sexual orientations and gender identities in Australia are introduced, and differences and intersections between gender, sex and sexuality are explored. A brief history of Australian gender and sexuality diverse communities, relevant legislation and human rights issues are provided. Changing language used to describe people from diverse sexual orientations and gender identities is addressed, with particular reference to the areas of medicine, health and human rights. The impact of stigma, discrimination and minority stress on people of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities in the Australian healthcare system is explored by showing how these experiences are key social determinants of health. Students are asked to consider their personal and professional roles in relation to cultural safety. Case studies are provided to assist students to understand the power imbalance between health provider and those accessing a health service, and to identify strategies to minimise it. This chapter also outlines ways that health professionals’ knowledge and attitudes about sexuality and gender diversity, and their conscious and unconscious bias, aids in the creation and reduction of stigma and discrimination. By the end of the chapter, students will have developed an understanding of current key principles for inclusive and respectful practices in healthcare settings for working with people of diverse sexual orientation and gender identity.