Abstract
Integrating plasmonic materials, like gold with a two-dimensional material (e.g., graphene) enhances the light-material interaction and, hence, plasmonic properties of the metallic nanostructure. A localized surface plasmon resonance sensor is an effective platform for biomarker detection. They offer a better bulk surface (local) sensitivity than a regular surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor; however, they suffer from a lower figure of merit compared to that one in a propagating surface plasmon resonance sensors. In this work, a decorated multilayer graphene film with an Au nanostructures was proposed as a liquid sensor. The results showed a significant improvement in the figure of merit compared with other reported localized surface plasmon resonance sensors. The maximum figure of merit and intensity sensitivity of 240 and 55 RIU−1 (refractive index unit) at refractive index change of 0.001 were achieved which indicate the capability of the proposed sensor to detect a small change in concentration of liquids in the ng/mL level which is essential in early-stage cancer disease detection.
Highlights
Sensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomena have a potential application in chemical/bio sensing and gas detection [1,2]
The Au-G hybrid sensor performance were compared with a 2D array of Au NPs placed on a silica substrate, perforated square nanohole arrays in a multilayer graphene film on the silica substrate and Au-G hybrid structure fabricated on a silica substrate
The optical spectroscopy of the proposed sensors shows that the resonances phenomena were observed at near infrared region due to presence of graphene layers
Summary
Sensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomena have a potential application in chemical/bio sensing and gas detection [1,2]. When a nanoparticles (NP) with a subwavelength particle size exposed to an incident electromagnetic field, free electrons in the conduction band oscillate at the surface of the NP and the surrounding dialectic medium interface at a wavelength called the plasmonic resonance wavelength. This phenomenon called localized surface plasmon (LSP) [3,4]. The resonance position and the intensity of the LSP are sensitive to the refractive index changes of the surrounding medium [5], which is the basic principle of the plasmonic sensors operation. In addition to the geometrical effect, chemical stability of the NPs is importance to achieve good performance of the plasmonic device, as reported in [12,13]
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