Abstract
This paper presents a systematic review of relevant primary studies on the use of augmented reality (AR) to improve various skills of children and adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from years 2005 to 2018 inclusive in eight bibliographic databases. This systematic review attempts to address eleven specific research questions related to the learing skills, participants, AR technology, research design, data collection methods, settings, evaluation parameters, intervention outcomes, generalization, and maintenance. The social communication skill was the highly targeted skill, and individuals with ASD were part of all the studies. Computer, smartphone, and smartglass are more frequently used technologies. The commonly used research design was pre-test and post-test. Almost all the studies used observation as a data collection method, and classroom environment or controlled research environment were used as a setting of evaluation. Most of the evaluation parameters were human-assisted. The results of the studies show that AR benefited children with ASD in learning skills. The generalization test was conducted in one study only, but the results were not reported. The results of maintenance tests conducted in five studies during a short-term period following the withdrawal of intervention were positive. Although the effect of using AR towards the learning of individuals was positive, given the wide variety of skills targeted in the studies, and the heterogeneity of the participants, a summative conclusion regarding the effectiveness of AR for teaching or learning of skills related to ASD based on the existing literature is not possible. The review also proposes the research taxonomy for ASD. Future research addressing the effectiveness of AR among more participants, different technologies supporting AR for the intervention, generalization, and maintenance of learning skills, and the evaluation in the inslusive classroom environment and other settings is warranted.
Highlights
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder due to which diagnosed child may face difficulty in social communication or have a repeated or restricted set of behaviors [1]
It can be seen that the trend to use augmented reality (AR) to provide intervention of different skills to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased since 2014
The analysis shows that performance significantly improved from the baseline to intervention, and they retained it during the maintenance phase, the emotional and social skills they learned during the intervention
Summary
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder due to which diagnosed child may face difficulty in social communication or have a repeated or restricted set of behaviors [1]. The American Psychological Association (APA) publishes taxonomies and diagnostic tools referred to as the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental dis-. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Luigi De Russis. Orders (DSM); the diagnosis from DSM-IV to DSM-5 was extensively revised. A few definitions of the diagnosis were expanded, while a few definitions were narrowed. The social reciprocity and communicative intent have been submerged to social communication. The number of children diagnosed with ASD has increased with an increase in awareness among parents and caregivers.
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