Abstract
Abstract There is a growing body of research in the field of interaction between drivers/passengers and automated vehicles using augmented reality (AR) technology. Furthering the advancements and availability of AR, the number of use cases in and around vehicles rises. Our literature review reveals that in the past, AR research focussed on increasing road safety and displaying navigational aids, however, more recent research explores the support of immersive (non-)driving related activities, and finally enhance driving and passenger experiences, as well as assist other road users through external human-machine interfaces (HMIs). AR may also be the enabling technology to increase trust and acceptance in automated vehicles through explainable artificial intelligence (AI), and therefore help on the shift from manual to automated driving. We organized a workshop addressing AR in automotive human-computer interaction (HCI) design, and identified a number of challenges including human factors issues that need to be tackled, as well as opportunities and practical usages of AR in future mobility. We believe that our status-quo literature analysis and future-oriented workshop results can serve as a research agenda for user interface designers and researchers when developing automotive AR interfaces.
Highlights
As automated driving (AD) systems and corresponding human-machine interfaces (HMI) advance, the usage ofThe arrival of augmented reality (AR) glasses such as the Microsoft HoloLens and Magic Leap One, among others, enables research of in-vehicle use of AR in a more immersive way [100], thereby allowing researches to prototype humanmachine interaction concepts more realistically using these AR devices in both lab environments and field studies
We reviewed scientific publications since 2009, and our analysis revealed that an increasing number of them use augmented reality technology for their user studies, as previous research has shown that AR has the potential to foster trust and safety in automated vehicles as well as increased user experience of driving, and providing drivers/passengers the opportunity to perform nondriving related tasks (e. g., [12, 18, 62, 98, 99, 197, 237])
Passengers have often been neglected in automotive human-computer interaction (HCI) research, with AR interfaces, this might change, as side windows could turn into infotainment displays, and the windshield might become a tool for collaborative work and entertainment in automated vehicles
Summary
As automated driving (AD) systems and corresponding human-machine interfaces (HMI) advance, the usage ofThe arrival of AR glasses such as the Microsoft HoloLens and Magic Leap One, among others, enables research of in-vehicle use of AR in a more immersive way [100], thereby allowing researches to prototype humanmachine interaction concepts more realistically using these AR devices in both lab environments and field studies. Riegler et al, Augmented Reality for Future Mobility ing and Ultraleap Stratos for haptics have the potential to create immersive experiences in fully simulated digital environments. These VR setups could be utilized to simulate AR content [57, 172]. We present the results of the workshop [176] for intelligent vehicles with focus on the practical usage of AR as well as future developments of this technology in and around intelligent vehicles, categorized into opportunities, challenges, and practical use cases
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