Attitudes towards mathematics at secondary level: Development and structural validation of the Scale for Assessing Attitudes towards Mathematics in Secondary Education (SATMAS)

Abstract

Introduction. In secondary education, students’ low achievement and engagement in mathematics are closely related to their attitudes towards the subject. Despite the international body of research, an exhaustive literature review of the existing instruments for measuring it draws attention to the inconsistency in the definition and corresponding factor structure for the construct attitudes towards mathematics. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to develop and validate an instrument for measuring secondary students’ attitudes towards mathematics based on a preliminary detailed theoretical framework.Method. The sample comprised 792 students, with an average age of 13.96 (SD = 1.09) years, from Biscay (Basque Country Autonomous Region, Spain). Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the theoretical proposed non-hierarchical structure, consisting of three first-order factors (student’s math self-concept, perceived usefulness of mathematics and interest for mathematics).Results. The results largely confirmed that this model showed a good fit to the data. Internal consistency, discriminant validity and criterion-related validity tests yielded good Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, strong correlations between the proposed dimensions and moderately positive correlation scores between attitudes towards mathematics and students’ mathematical performance measured with a math achievement test developed ad-hoc.Discussion. The resulting 19-item scale may represent a psychometrically sound instrument both for research purposes and for educational interventions. To conclude, the contribution of the present study to the research on attitudes towards mathematics is discussed, and some issues are suggested for future research to address.