Atomic Nuclei Binding Energy

Abstract

Listen

Translate article

In 1936 Bethe and Bacher and in 1938 Hafstad and Teller predicted that α-particle structures could be present in atomic nuclei. In the course of developing a theory of nuclear structure based on the assumption of closest packing of clusters of nucleons, Linus Pauling found that the magic numbers have a very simple structural significance. He assumed that in nuclei the nucleons may, as a first approximation, be described as occupying localized 1s orbitals to form small clusters. These small clusters, called spherons, are usually helions (i.e. α-particles), tritons and dineutrons. In nuclei containing an odd number of neutrons, an 3He cluster or a deuteron may serve as a spheron. The close-packed-spheron model differs from the conventional liquid-drop model of the nucleus in having spherons rather than nucleons as the units. This is a simplification: 154Gd, for example, is described in terms of 45 spherons, rather than 154 nucleons. This enables to determine the systematic of binding energy in a much simpler way than the approach based on individual nucleons. The authordeveloped that idea, i.e. having clusters as basic bricks within the nucleus instead of nucleons. So, the authorconsidered the binding energy of α-particle and of Deuterium, Tritium, 3He and the way these spherons are bonded instead of the bonding between individual nucleons. According to that hypothesis the nuclei of the various elements are constituted out of α-particles and other nucleons grouped in order to form sub nuclei bound together by four types of bonds called NN, NP, NNP, and NPP. Nevertheless, my purpose is not about looking for a new 3D model of atomic nucleus structure. It is the reason why the author favored an approach trying to breakdown the binding energy value of each element and its isotopes in several sub values indicated above. So, this process is considering only unidimensional binding energy values. This binding energy distribution approach in the nuclei is essential to the comprehension of LENR process.